Industrial and Organizational Psychology Review Flashcards

This set of flashcards covers key concepts in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, including research methods, job analysis, employee selection, motivation, leadership, and stress management, based on the provided review notes.

What is the primary purpose of Industrial and Organizational Psychology?

To enhance the dignity and performance of human beings and the organization they work in by advancing the science and knowledge of human behavior.

What model describes Industrial and Organizational psychologists acting as scientists when conducting research and as practitioners when working with organizations?

The scientist-practitioner model.

Which field of I/O psychology focus on workplace design, human-machine interaction, and physical fatigue?

Human factors/Ergonomics.

What 1903 book is generally thought to be the start of I/O Psychology?

Theory of Advertising by Walter Dill Scott.

During World War I, which test was used for recruits who could read?

Army Alpha.

What phenomenon describes when employees change their behavior solely because they are being observed?

The Hawthorne effect.

What is a standardized admission test required by most psychology graduate schools?

The Graduate Record Exam (GRE).

What is the term for a formal research paper required of most doctoral students to graduate?

A dissertation.

What research method is the only one that can determine a cause and effect relationship?

The experiment.

In a meta-analysis, what statistic indicates the amount of change caused by an experimental manipulation?

Effect size.

What is the term for promoting employees until they eventually reach their highest level of incompetence?

The Peter Principle.

What structured job analysis method was developed by McCormick and contains 194 items?

The Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ).

In I/O psychology, what does the acronym KSAOs stand for?

Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics.

What 1990 federal law forbids discrimination against physically and mentally disabled individuals?

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

What is the minimum amount of unpaid leave entitled to eligible employees each year under the Family Medical Leave Act?

$$12 \, \text{weeks}$$

What recruitment method involves current employees recommending family members and friends for job openings?

Employee referral.

What type of interview consists of job-related questions, asking all applicants the same questions, and using a standardized scoring key?

A structured interview.

What interview error occurs when information presented early in an interview carries more weight than information presented later?

The primacy effect.

What is the term for a situation where an employer is liable for hiring an individual with a criminal record who then commits a crime during employment?

Negligent hiring.

What cognitive ability test, which takes $12 \, \text{minutes}$ to complete, is most commonly used in industry?

The Wonderlic Personnel Test.

What term refers to the extent to which a score from a selection measure is stable and free from error?

Reliability.

What selection strategy involves rank-ordering applicants based on their test scores?

Top-down selection.

In performance appraisal, what error occurs when a rater consistently gives all employees high ratings regardless of actual performance?

Leniency error.

What are the three types of needs analysis used to determine training needs?

Organizational analysis, Task analysis, and Person analysis.

What training evaluation design uses pretests, posttests, and control groups to evaluate effectiveness?

The Solomon four-group design.

What formula represents Vroom's Expectancy Theory of motivation?

$$\text{Motivation} = E(I \times V)$$

What is the term for the tendency for people to prefer not to pass on unpleasant information in a communication chain?

The MUM effect (Minimize Unpleasant Messages).

In the grapevine, what type of person hears information but seldom passes it on to others?

A dead-ender.

According to Fiedler's Contingency Model, what test is used to reveal leadership style?

The Least-Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale.

What state of mind occurs when a group is so concerned about cohesiveness that it ignores important information?

Groupthink.

What are the three stages of Lewin's organizational change model?

Unfreezing, Moving, and Refreezing.

In a flexible work arrangement, what is the term for the total number of potential work hours available each day?

Bandwidth.

What stress personality is characterized by achievement striving, impatience, and time urgency?

Type A personality.

What state of being overwhelmed by stress is usually experienced by highly motivated professionals facing high work demands?

Burnout.