Phan Chau Trinh P2

Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources and their increasing concentration is largely related to the compound effects of increased population, improved living standards and changes in lifestyle. From a current base of 5 billion, the United Nations predicts that the global population may stabilize in the twenty- first century between 8 and 14 billion, with more than 90 percent of the (1) ______ increase place in the world's developing nations. The (2) ______ activities to support that growth, particularly to produce the required energy and food; will cause further increases in greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge, therefore, is to attain a (3) ______ balance between population, economic growth and the environment.

1. 
   A intended
   B. projected
   C. wanted
   D. calculated

2. A remarkable
   B. major
   C. associated
   D. mutual

3. A reachable
   B. sustainable
   C. eligible
   D. visual

projected associated sustainable

The major greenhouse gas emissions from human our activities are carbon dioxide CO2CO2​ methane and nitrous oxide. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the only major (4) ______ to the greenhouse effect that does not occur naturally, coming from such sources as refrigeration, plastics and manufacture. Coal's total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is thought to be about 18 per cent, with about half of this coming from (5) ______ generation.

1. A substance
   B. contributor
   C. chemical
   D. emission

2. A electronic
   B. electric
   C. electrical
   D. electricity

contributor electricity

Electricity generation

standard term for the production of electrical power.

pilot

done on a small scale in order to see if something is successful enough to do on a large scale

The worldwide coal industry allocates extensive resources to researching and developing new technologies and ways capturing greenhouse gases. (6) ______ are likely to be improved dramatically, and hence CO2CO2​ emissions reduced, through combustion and gasification techniques which are now at (7) and demonstration stages.

1. A Influences
   B. Results
   C. Efficiencies
   D. Consequences

2. A pilot
   B. launch
   C. experiment
   D. beginning

efficiencies pilot

under way

"in progress" or "happening."

Clean coal is another avenue for improving fuel conversion efficiency. Investigations are under …(8) into super- clean coal (35 percent ash) and ultraclean coal (less than 1 per cent ash). Super- clean coal has the potential to enhance the combustion efficiency of conventional stabilized fuel power plants. Ultraclean coal will enable coal to be used and in (9) power systems such as coal- fired gas turbines which, when (10) in combined cycle, have the potential to achieve much greater efficiencies.

1. A experiment
   B. development
   C. way
   D. progress

2. A electrified
   B. developed
   C. advanced
   D. controlled

3. A involved
   B. operated
   C. managed
   D. made

way advanced operated

In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20 years, this figure had grown to more than 5000 miles. By the end of the century, almost enough rail track to (1) the world covered this small island, (2) the nature of travel forever and contributing to the industrial revolution that changed the (3) of history in many parts of the world.

1. A.revolve B.enclose C.encircle D.orbit

2. A.altering B.amending C.adapting D.adjusting

3. A.route B.way C.line D.course

encircle altering course

Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (4) In a single day, rail passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (5) previous journey times by huge margins and bringing rapid travel within the (6) of ordinary people. Previously, many people had never ventured beyond the outskirts of their town and villages. The railway brought them greater freedom and enlightenment.

1. A.pursued B.followed C.succeeded D.chased

2. A.cancelling B.subtracting C.cutting D.abolishing

3. A.reach B.capacity C.facility D.hold

followed cutting reach

Considerable luxury

a significant or notable amount of luxury.

In the 19th century, the railway in Britain (7) something more than just the business of carrying goods passengers. Trains were associated with romance, adventure and, frequently, (8) luxury. But the railways did more than revolutionized travel; they also (9) a distinctive and permanent mark on the British landscape. Whole towns and industrial centers (10) up around major rail junctions, monumental bridges and viaducts crossed rivers and valleys and the railway stations themselves became desirable places to spend time between journeys.

1. A.served B.functioned C.represented D.performed

2. A.considerable B.generous C.plentiful D.sizeable

3. A.laid B.set C.settled D.left

4. A.jumped B.stood C.burst D.spring

represented considerable laid spring

At the mere suggestion

as soon as it was suggested

CUSTOMER RIGHTS

I once called over the wine waiter in an expensive restaurant to tell him that I thought the wine I had ordered was off. (1) the mere suggestion that something might be wrong, he became most unpleasant. (2) reluctantly tasted it, however, he immediately apologized and brought another bottle. It helped that I knew I was legally (3) the right. (4) in a restaurant or a bar, the food or drink must be fit for human consumption and of a quality that you are entitled to expect in an establishment of that category. (5) the customer, you have considerable rights.

At Having in whether as

The menu, for example, is a vital legal document and a restaurant can be fined up to 5000(6) it fail to display one outside or immediately inside the door. Potential customers have the right to know in advance what they are committing (7) to and it is an offence (8) the Trade Descriptions Act for any establishment to give a false description of its food.

should themselves under

Everything must be (9) it claims to be and in cases where it is not, you should complain. Fresh fruit salad must only consist of fresh, (10) tinned, fruit, Pate maison must be made on premises. The same principle applies to wine. If you are brought a vintage different form that stated on the wine list, send it back.

what not

A MODERN-DAY PROBLEM

In the hustle and (1) of today's fast- and- (2) world all of us, without exception, have to contend with some level of stress. It goes without (3) that the source and amount of stress are relative to the individual. Just as causes and quantities of stress are subject to personal factors, (4) is the way in which a person deals with. It is (5) knowledge that some people flourish if faced with a potentially stress- causing task or situation.

bustle furious saying so common

the hustle and bustle

busy and noisy activity.

fast-and-furious

very rapid and intense.

On the other hand, the majority of people are (6) affected when confronted with a serious dilemma. Abnormal levels of stress can be a serious health hazard and may prove detrimental to one's physical health. Stress is said to be the (7) in a high percentage of heart problems and stomach disorders. Even certain types of cancer are, day malady which we all, to a greater or lesser (8) suffer from, has (9) many to begin looking seriously at ways of controlling stress. Owing to the inevitable fact that stress will always play a part in our lives, it is of (10) importance that strategies of stress management be found.

severely cause extent promted paramount

Skiing is one of the most popular sports in the world. According to recent estimation, about one hundred millions of people ski regularly or occasionally. Sliding across the snow on skis is also one of the most ancient methods of transport known to the man.

estimation → estimate

millions → million

the → o

It has demonstrated that men were already traveling across the snow by means of primitive skis before the invention of the wheel. In the Asiatic region of Altai and in Scandinavia, for example, the remains of skis have been found which dated back to 4,000 BC. Further evidence is supplied by ancient cave paintings which depict people skiing, and a Norway saga which tells the story of an invasion of its territory 8,000 years ago by a tribe of skiers who came from the north.

has → has been

dated → date

Norway → Norwegian

Nowadays, skiing, apart from a sport, has become a big industry and a notable feature of leisure culture. Ski resorts and all the activity that they generate is the main source of wealth in many mountain regions, which were previously remote and accessible. And far from its once elitist image, skiing is now enjoyed by an increasingly broader spectra of society.

a sport → being

is → are

accessible → inaccessible

spectra → spectrum

spectrum

[usually singular] a complete or wide range of related qualities, ideas, etc.

1. He seems to find the way Mimi behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment.

- Far from …… amused by it

being embarrassed about Mimi’s behavior, he seems to be

2. It was not until 5 years has elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out.

- Not for

another 5 years did the whole truth about

3. The only reason why she got promotion is that she is very competent. - Were it

not been for her competence, she would not got promoted

4. There is grave concern about confirmed cases of cholera that originated in the makeshift shelters.

- Of

grave concerns are confirmed cases of cholera that originated in the make

grave concern

a serious or significant level of worry, anxiety, or unease about a particular situation or issue

1. What has this experience taught you?

- What conclusions

have you drawn from this experience

She gets bored quickly at parties because there is so much trivial conversation. (SMALL)

- Too much

small talk is the reason why she gets bored quickly at parties

take something in your stride

to accept and deal with something difficult without letting it worry you too much

2. I think that my parents cope calmly with everything I do. (STRIDE)

• I'm under

the impression that my parents take everything I do in their stride

give an indication of

Provide a sign or clue about something

He indicated quite clearly that he would do anything to obtain the contract.(LENGTHS)

He gave

every indication of going to great lengths to

5. Nowadays I consider casual friendships to be far less important than I used to. (STORE)

• Nowadays I don't

set as much store by casual friendships as i used to

set store by something

to consider something to be important

6. I'm afraid that negotiations for a settlement are completely impossible.

(WHATSOVER)

• I'm afraid that there

is no chance whatsoever of negotiations for a settlement

no, nothing, none whatsoever

not at all; not of any kind