EAH - Midterm

The first American arrived on the North American continent approximately

12-20 thousand years ago

Agriculture arose in the North America (and the Western Hemisphere more generally)

Nearly simultaneously as in Asia/Eastern Hemisphere

The crops most commonly grown by Native Americans, also called the "Thee sisters" all the following except

A. corn

B. beans

C. Wheat

D. squash

Wheat

What is the best term to describe Native American ancestry/descent?

Matrilineal

What was the name of the largest city in the Mississippian Empire?

Cahokia

What is the name of the Native American group who lived in Chaco canyon?

Pueblo

Most Native Americans understood property rights as primarily relating to which of the following concepts

Active Use

How would you compare the sexual and martial freedom of Native Americans and Europeans before contact?

Native American enjoyed greater freedom

Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, the Portuguese emerged as an early sea power/. Which invention contributed to Portuguese seafaring?

Astrolabe

Christophe Columbus sailed under the flag of which nation?

Spain

What was the name of the first Native group that Columbus encountered?

Arawaks

Hernan Cortes relied on a Native woman to conquer the Aztecs. What did he name her?

Dona Marina

Which of the following proved essential to the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?

All of the above: Native dissension, Smallpox, and Persuasion

In the 130 years after contact, approximately what proportion of Native American had died?

95%

All of the following crops were first introduced to Europe through the Columbian Exchange except

A. Tomatoes

B. Potatoes

C. Grapes

D. Cocoa

grapes

What was the most significant biological consequence of the Columbian exchange of indigenous populations in the Americas?

Widespread mortality caused by Eurasian diseases

Juan Ponce de Leons 1513 expedition to Florida is best remembered for which outcome?

Filing to find the great wealth while spreading European diseases?

Which system did the Spanish use to organize Native labor in their North American colonies?

Encomienda

Spanish long-term colonial dominance in the Atlantic world declined primarily because

Other European powers began competing more effectively

The term "Black Legend" refers to

Protestant portrayals of Spanish colonization as uniquely cruel

French colonization in North America differed from Spanish colonization mainly because the French

Focused on the fur trade and cooperation with Native peoples

Which of the following settlements was established by the Dutch in North America?

New Amsterdam

The first permanent English settlement in North America was

Jamestown

Early Jamestown experienced severe difficulties largely because colonists

Prioritized the search for gold over agricultural production

England's use of the joint-stock companies supported colonization by

Pooling private investment to reduce individual risk

In the seventeenth century, what institution became central to the economic and social fabric of British North American colonies?

Raced-based slavery

Which term refers to the devastating transatlantic journey that millions of Africans endured before being sold into slavery?

Middle Passage

What was one common means by which colonists acquired Native American slaves?

War and Raids

Which conflict significantly altered colonial relations with Native Americans and reflected rising tensions on the frontier?

King Philips War

The laws passed in the English colonies during the 1660's that gave legal sanction to the lifelong enslavement of Africans were significant because they

legalized perpetual chattel slavery based on race

What was the main cause of the English Civil War's effect on British North America?

It led to colonial loyalty division between parliament and the Crown

Which colony was founded as a haven for Catholics under a proprietary charter?

Maryland

The settlement of the middle Atlantic colony of Pennsylvania was largely shaped by the religious ideals of which group?

Puritans

Which rebellion in Virginia reflected rising tensions between frontier settlers and colonial authorities?

Bacon's Rebellion

By the end of the 17th century, most British North American colonies were

economically marginal but increasingly tied into Atlantic trade and complex societies

What term describes the 18th-century increase in the availability and consumption of manufactured goods by British American colonists

Consumer Revolution

Which medium did some British American colonies use as a form of money due to the shortage of British coins?

Tobacco and bills of credit

The Navigation Acts were intended primarily to

ensure that profits from colonial trade strengthened Britain

Which British colony was first to issue paper money for use as a currency?

Massachusetts

In the colonial South, which colony has a majority of enslaved African population by around 1750?

South Carolina

Quakers were significant in the colonial era because they were

Early voices opposing slavery on moral and religious grounds

The Immediate cause of increased tension between Britain and its north American colonies after 1763 was largely a result of

Britain's attempt to consolidate imperial control and reduce it war debt

Which proclamation restricted colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains and angered many colonists

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

Which British law imposed the first direct tax on the colonies, requiring official stamps on legal documents and printed materials

Stamp Act

Colonial resistance to the Stamp Act included all of the following actions except

A. Nonimportation agreements

B. formation of the Stamp Act Congress

C. Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor

D. Elite assemblies issuing resolutions against Tax

Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor

The nonimportation and nonconsumption agreements among the colonies against British goods helped lead to

Greater colonial unity and shared resistance

The event on March 5, 1770 that fueled colonial anger and was widely circulated through engravings was the

Boston Massacre

The Tea Act of 1773 was opposed by many colonists primarily because

It granted a monopoly to the British East India Company and reaffirmed Parliament's right to tax

The Coercive Acts passed by Parliament in 1774 were meant to punish

Massachusetts, especially Boston

The first continental congress of 1774 most importantly

Issued the first "Continental Association" and coordinated resistance

What was one major outcome of the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775

The Continental militia successfully besieged British forced near Boston

What early national crisis revealed weakness in the Articles of Confederation and helped spur calls for a stronger federal government

Shay's Rebellion

the Constitutional Convention originally met with the intention to

Revise the Articles of Confederation

The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention resolved disputes over

representation in the national legislature

Why did many opponents of the Constitution (Anti-Federalists) argue against ratifying it initially

It lacked a declaration of individual rights

The Bill of Rights was added to the constitution primarily to

Protect the role of the Supreme Court

Alexander Hamilton's financial plan included all of the following except

A. Federal assumption of state depts

B. the creation of a national bank

C. an excuse tax on Whiskey

D. Abolishing all tariffs

Abolishing all tariffs

The Whiskey Rebellion was significant because it showed that the federal government

would rely on militia forces to enforce tax policy

Jay's Treat was controversial because many Americans believed it

did not address British impressment of American Sailors

During the 1790's, debate over the French Revolution in the United States helped lead to

the rise of distinct political parties

The "Revolution of 1800" refers to

the peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Republicans

Which development in the early republic most clearly reflected the rise of mass political participation?

The expansion of popular campaigning and party organization

The Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of

Judicial Review

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 addressed the issue of

The expansion of slavery in new states

Which of the following best describes the "American System" promoted by Henry

A. A commitment to unrestricted foreign trade

B. A plan for national economic development through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements

C. A policy of isolation from European affairs

D. A program to strengthen state sovereignty over federal power

A plan for national economic development through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements

The Era of Good Feelings is associated with

the dominance of a single political party, the Democratic-Republicans

The Second Bank of the United states was controversial because many critics believed it

Gave too much power to wealthy Eastern interests

The Monroe Doctrine asserted that

Europe should cease colonization in the Western Hemisphere

In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that

the federal government could charter a national bank and states could not tax it

Which event most directly revealed growing sectional tensions between North and South in the early republic

Debates over the admission of Missouri as a state

Which of these was not part of the political culture shift during the early republic

A. Greater voter participation

B. Mergence of nominating conventions

C. Strengthening of property qualifications for voting

D. Heightened partisan newspapers

Strengthening of property qualifications for voting