UNC Sociology Final exam

What is a nuclear family?

A family with two parents and their children.

Functionalist view of family?

Family is the foundation of society and necessary for stability.

Functionalists believe traditional gender roles are…

Necessary for proper family functioning.

Functionalists view on marriage?

The only appropriate setting for having children.

According to functionalists, weakening family causes what?

Poverty, delinquency, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, etc.

Feminist view of family?

Family should adapt to meet needs of all members.

Feminists believe social problems come from…

Broader social structures, not just family changes.

Families before industrialization?

Units of production (worked together for survival).

Families after industrialization?

Units of consumption (buy goods/services).

“Good provider” role?

Male as primary income earner.

“Caregiver” role?

Female responsible for family well-being.

Cult of Domesticity?

Belief women belong in home caring for family.

Assortative mating?

Choosing partners based on similarities.

Marriage markets?

Social spaces to find partners.

Propinquity?

Physical closeness increases relationships.

Homogamy?

Marrying someone similar (education, race, income, etc.).

Wedding Industrial Complex?

Businesses profit from promoting marriage.

Coverture?

Woman legally under husband’s authority.

Invisible labor?

Unpaid work maintaining the household.

Second shift?

Housework after paid work.

Third shift?

Emotional labor (listening, planning, bonding).

Emotional culture?

Shared rituals (holidays, outings, traditions).

Sandwich generation?

Caring for kids and aging parents.

No-fault divorce?

Divorce without proving wrongdoing.

Serial monogamy?

Multiple marriages, one at a time.

Why are remarriages harder?

Legal, emotional, and role conflicts.

Built environment?

Human-made surroundings (cities, roads, buildings).

Urban sprawl?

Expansion of cities into rural land.

Zoning?

Land divided into residential, commercial, etc.

U.S. cities are characterized by…

Car dependence, low density, long distances.

Imagined communities (Anderson)?

Nations exist because people believe they are connected.

Mechanical solidarity?

Unity through shared values (simple societies).

Organic solidarity?

Unity through interdependence (complex societies).

Gemeinschaft?

Close, emotional relationships (community).

Gesellschaft?

Impersonal, goal-oriented relationships (society).

Social capital?

Trust and relationships that help society function.

Putnam’s argument?

Civic engagement is declining.

Narrative?

Stories that create meaning.

Community?

Long-term relationships based on shared identity.

Hierarchy?

Ranking based on power.

Power (Weber)?

Ability to impose will.

Authority types?

Traditional, Charismatic, Legal-rational.

Sacred?

Special, meaningful group practices.

Profane?

Ordinary, everyday activities.

Collective effervescence?

Group energy from shared rituals.

Industrial time?

Standardized time for productivity.

Cyclical time?

Repeating patterns of events.

Boundary maintenance?

Keeping group distinctions.

Gatekeeping?

Controlling access to groups.

Shunning?

Excluding rule-breakers.

Financialization?

Focus on profits over workers.

Gig economy?

Temporary contract-based jobs.

Brain drain?

Skilled workers leaving a country.

Globalization?

Global flow of goods, people, ideas.

Fordism?

Mass production + mass consumption.

Taylorism?

Efficiency through time-motion studies.

Service economy?

Focus on services, not goods.

Working poor?

Employed but still in poverty.

Credentialism?

Overvaluing degrees.

Underemployment?

Working below skill level.

Blue collar?

Manual labor.

White collar?

Office/professional jobs.

Pink collar?

Female-dominated jobs.

No collar?

Meaning-driven jobs.

Offshoring?

Moving jobs overseas.

Outsourcing?

Hiring outside company.

Free trade?

Open global trade.

Fair trade?

Ethical labor practices.

Two-tier economy?

Divide between stable/high pay vs unstable/low pay jobs.

Displacement effect?

Technology replacing workers.

Karl Marx Key idea?

Economy shapes society.

Alienation?

Disconnection from work, product, others, self.

Class?

Wealth

Status?

Prestige.

Power?

Influence over others.

Iron cage?

Being trapped in systems of efficiency.