Exam 4 Psychology

What do heath psychologists study?

Psychological influences on wellbeing that include healthy behaviors, and prevention treatment.

What is Etiology

Cause of illness

What year was health psychology recognized?

1979

What are the interactions that psychoneuroimmunology focus on?

Behavior, Nervous system, and Endocrine system

What has been the leading cause of death in the past 100 years?

Infectious disease to chronic diseas

How has life expectancy changed over the last century?

Has increased and then decreased in 2019

What is an example of what stress does to the immune system?

Vulnerability to Illness

How do women handle stress?

Tend and befriend response

How do men respond to stress

Agressiveness and isolation

What is stress?

Process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging

What is a catastrophe?

Large scale event

What are significant life changes?

Personal events or transitions

What are daily hassles?

Small scale evnts

What are the stress hormones?

Cortisol and epinephrine

What is norepinephrine

Hormone and transmitter that increases alertness

What is the 1st phase of Seelyes General Adaption Syndrome

Alarm Reaction

What is the 2nd phase of Seelys General Adaptation Syndrome?

Resistance

What is the 3rd phase of Seelys General Adaptation Syndrome

Exhaustion

What is Walter Canons perception of stress?

Fight or Flight response

What triggers the fight or flight response?

Extreme cold, lack of oxygen, and large scale events

What is released when fight or flight occurs?

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

What does stress do to telomeres?

Shortens them which speeds up aging process

What are telomeres?

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes

What are type A personalities more likely to experience?

Cardiovascular disease

What is a bad way to view stress?

As a threat

What is a good way to view stress?

As a challenge

What is optimism attached to?

Having a lower likelihood of dying from a heart attack

What is pessimism attached to?

Negative worldview is detrimental to health

What is the link between stress and loss?

Increased risk of stroke or heart attack

What is learned helplessness?

Product of a series of uncontrollable events

What is a risk factor of developing heart disease?

Socioeconomic status

What does social support improve?

Blood pressure and immune functioning

What are the benefits of aerobic exercise?

Decrease anxiety

What is mindfulness meditation?

Reflective practice that approaches experiences in a nonjudgemental manner.

What does religion promote?

Self-control

Example of a way to manage anger

Finding healthy distraction

What is internal locus of control

Explaining behavior based on characteristics

External locus of control

Explaining behavior based on circumstances

What social psychologists examine

Use scientific methods to study how people think about, influence, and relate to one another

Attributional theory

Suggests one attempts to understand behavior of others by attributing feelings, beliefs, intentions, and situations to them

How does culture affect attribution?

Behavior is justified due to context

What is fundamental attribution error?

Tendency to underestimate the impact on a situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition

What are the 3 components of an attitude?

Cognition, affective, Behavioral

Do actions guide and reshape our attitudes?

Yes

Cognitive dissonance theory

When our actions do not match our personal values

What is peripheral rout persuasion?

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues

What is central route persuasion?

When interested people focus on the arguments and respond with careful favorable thoughts.

What is a tactic used by peripheral route persuasion?

Attractiveness

What are norms?

Rules for expected behavior

What is the significant power of social influence?

Norms

What are characteristics of a tight culture

Strict rules and social expectations

What is a loose culture?

Relaxed attitude towards rules with flexibility

What was stanley milgrams study?

To see how people reacted towards evil authority using a fake shocker

What is deindividuation?

The process of losing self awareness that occurs in group situations

What is an aspect of deindividuation?

Anonymity

What is discrimination?

Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group or its members

What are stereotypes?

generalized beliefs about group(s) of people

Explicit Prejudice

Negative attitude toward a group that is continuously held

Implicit prejudice

Automatic associations can influence individuals judgements towards a certain group

Group polarization

Group discussions with like minded others strengthen prevailing beliefs

Groupthink

People are driven by a desire for harmony within a decision making group

Toxic group polarization

2017 Charlottesville Virginia white Nationalist rally

Ingroup

People whom we share a common identity

Outgroup

Different or apart from our own group

What is an example of a place where gender prejudice shows up?

Perceived intelligence and intellectual interests

Scapegoat theory

Prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Hindsight bias

People get what they deserve

3 aspects of attraction

Law of attraction, physical attraction, and similar interest

What is the law of attraction

Positive or negative thoughts bring positive or negative experiences to ones life

Passionate Love

The notion that emotions have two ingredients, physical arousal and cognitive appraisal

Compassionate love

With maturity, love typically becomes a deep, affectionate attachment