Pharmacology Practice Final Exam

The letters "prn" appearing on a prescription indicate that a medication is to be administered

when needed

Prescriptions for Schedule III through Schedule V drugs are valid for how long from the date on the prescription form?

six months

All of the following need to be listed in the Medical Alert Box on a health history form EXCEPT?

Age

The government agency responsible for regulating the manufacturing and dispensing of controlled substances is called the ________.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 did all of the following EXCEPT ________.

introduce the word narcotic

Which of the following is registered with the U.S. Patent Office as a registered trademark?

trade name

When written on a prescription, "PO" is an abbreviation for:

by mouth

Tylenol with codeine falls into which DEA schedule of controlled substances?

Schedule III

An example of a Schedule I drug is ________.

lysergic acid diethylamide

A drug that is able to unlock or activate a receptor and produce an effect is known as a/an ________.

agonist

Drugs circulate in the blood bound to ________.

albumin

Enteric-coated tablets ________.

are made to dissolve in the small intestine

Receptors are specifically designed to interact with natural body chemicals. Which of the following is NOT one of those natural body chemicals?

proteins

The first-pass effect describes the ________.

metabolism of drugs by the liver

The process of drug metabolism is accomplished in the ________, the principal organ of metabolism.

liver

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps involved in the drug cycle?

secretion

When the combined action of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual actions, it is known as

synergy

When an elderly adult is given a prescription, the dose is usually:

Lower than normal

Which of the following does NOT delay the absorption of a drug from its site of injection?

massage of the injection area

Which of the following factors determines the dose of a drug to be administered?

all of the above

A drug's duration is:

the length of time that a drug has an effect

Which organ plays the greatest role in absorption of orally-administered medications?

small intestine

A drug that is able to unlock or activate a receptor and produce an effect is known as a/an ________.

agonist

What best describes the use of increased higher doses to produce the same effect as lower doses used to provide?

tolerance

Which group has an affinity for a receptor, combines with the receptor, but produces no effect?

competitive antagonist

When comparing types of administration (oral vs parenteral), which is TRUE? 

Oral has slower onset

Which organ plays the greatest role in excretion of most medications?

Kidney

What percent of the drug has been dispersed after two half-lives?

75%

How are prodrugs metabolized?

Inactive to inactive

If a client takes a medication that causes a side effect that is completely unexpected or different from any published side effect, the term used to explain this unique side effect is

Drug idiosyncrasy

Drugs with teratogenic effects can produce:

An abnormal fetus

Certain drugs can cause a negative effect on fetal development if taken by a pregnant woman. The term used for this negative effect is:

Teratogenic

What does the therapeutic index indicate?

the margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses

Which of the following cells synthesize antibodies?

plasma

Which is a genetically-related abnormal drug response?

idiosyncratic reaction

Adrenergic receptors include ________.

alpha₁, alpha₂, beta₁, and beta₂ receptors

A drug that causes xerostomia is:

an anticholinergic agent

All the following medications have been associated with xerostomia EXCEPT?

pilocarpine

An excess of which of the following hormones can be associated with an increased sensitivity to epinephrine?

thyroid

Which of the following actions is NOT a potential side effect of epinephrine?

bronchospasm

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic drug that can increase blood pressure?

epinephrine

Which of the following actions is not caused by epinephrine?

miosis

Which of the following orally inhaled drugs is used to treat acute asthma attacks?

Albuteral

Which would be best for the treatment of xerostomia?

Pilocarpine

Anticholinergic agents are contraindicated in clients with:

Prostatic hypertrophy

Epinephrine should be restricted for patients with:

Hypertension

When are anticholinergic drugs indicated in dentistry?

Decrease saliva for dry treatment field

Which symptom may occur due to activation of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system? 

Syncope

The cause of death from overdose of any central nervous system depressant is usually?

respiratory depression

All of the following drugs may result in an increased amount of bleeding during scaling and root planing except one.  Which if the EXCEPTION?

acetaminophen

Aspirin has all of the following actions EXCEPT?

obundent

Because she is taking aspirin, Mrs. Smith should be counseled regarding all of the following EXCEPT:

headache

Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories may reduce the effectiveness of:

Calcium channel blockers

Ibuprofen (Motrin) is a useful:

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent

Mrs. Smith takes one baby aspirin per day to prevent heart attack. She may be at an increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

Inflammation

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the pharmacologic effect of:

ACE inhibitors

Which common adverse effect can aspirin produce in the body?

GI side effects

Which analgesic is safest for a patient taking warfarin?

Acetaminophen

Which of the following analgesics raise pain thresholds (meaning, increasing pain tolerance or reducing pain) without impairing alertness or judgement?

salicylates

Which of the following drugs can be substituted for aspirin in a patient with an aspirin allergy?

acetaminophen

Which one of the following drugs has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-platelet actions?

aspirin

Which of the following is MOST likely to cause an increase in bleeding during periodontal debridement?

sulindac (Clinoril)

Which of the following is not an action of aspirin?

obtundent

Which of the following patients would be able to use salicylates?

Patients with rheumotoid arthritis

Which of the following should not be given to a person with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity?

Ibuprofen

Which of the following substances can contribute to a patient's stomach ulcers?

aspirin

Which of the following types of patients would aspirin be an acceptable choice for pain control?

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Which medication is contraindicated in young children?

aspirin

Which of the following should not be given to a person with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity?

Ibuprofen

Which one of the following drugs has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-platelet actions?

aspirin

Which of the following analgesics raise pain thresholds (meaning, increasing pain tolerance or reducing pain) without impairing alertness or judgment?

salicylates

Ibuprofen's action as an antipyretic results from its action on the

hypothalamus

Non-opioid analgesics and aspirin reduce inflammation by

Inhibits prostaglandins

Persons who have chronic constipation should be given which of the following drugs with caution?

Codeine

Which of the following is the drug of choice used to treat an opioid overdose?

naloxone

Opioids can be used to manage or treat:

diarrhea, pain, and cough

Which of the following is the MOST effective antitussive medication?

codeine

The most serious side effect of narcotic analgesics is their ability to:

depress respiratory function

Dental patients receiving opioid analgesics for a dental condition should be counseled regarding all of the following EXCEPT?

headaches

If a patient develops tolerance to a drug, that means he:

needs increase in dosage to produce usual effect of drug

Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with opioid analgesics?

sedation

Opioids are contradicted for patients with what condition?

Emphysema

A two-year old boy contracts an infection that requires antibiotic therapy.  With this information alone, which drug below wouldn't you use?

tetracycline

A patient who is allergic to penicillin, may also have an allergic reaction to:

cefalexin

A patient reports that she is six months pregnant. Which of the following drugs, if prescribed for the client, would lead to a specific type of intrinsic tooth staining in the unborn child?

Tetracycline

If a client with asthma is taking theophylline, which of the following durgs may result in toxicity?

erythromycin

Protracted use of sulfa drugs may produce symptoms of vitamin K deficiency because sulfa drugs

inhibit growth of intestinal bacteria

Microbial drug resistance is an example of:

mutation & selection

Which of the following, when taken with antacids, can result in as much as a 50% DECREASE in intestinal absorption of the medication?

tetracycline

Penicillin's mechanism of action:

destroys the bacterial cell wall

What antibiotic concentrates in gingival crevicular fluid?

tetracycline

Which of the following drugs acts upon the anaerobic organisms of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

metronidazole

Which is the first drug of choice indicated in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureas (MRSA)?

vancomycin

Which is the active ingredient found in Arestin?

Minocycline

Which antibiotic should not be taken within 2 hours of ingesting dairy products?

Tetracycline

Which antiinfective is prescribed as a subclinical dose to treat periodontal disease?

doxycycline

Which medication is associated with pseudomembranous colitis?

clindamycin

Which of the following should be used for prophylactic antibiotic premedication if the client cannot take oral medications and is NOT allergic to penicillin?

Ampicillin

Which oral side effect is MOST associated with antibiotics?

Black hairy tongue

Tetracycline is a safe analgesic for which type of patient?

Postmenopausal women