every injury/illness ever

Airway Obstruction

Blockage of airway preventing airflow to lungs. | Signs & Symptoms: inability to speak, choking, cyanosis, stridor, weak/no airflow. | Treatment: abdominal thrusts (conscious adult), back blows (infants), suction, airway positioning, oxygen, remove visible object, BVM if needed.

Aspiration

Foreign material (vomit, fluid, food) enters airway/lungs. | Signs & Symptoms: coughing, gurgling, crackles, respiratory distress. | Treatment: suction airway, position patient on side, oxygen, monitor breathing.

Respiratory Distress

Early breathing difficulty with compensation still present. | Signs & Symptoms: tachypnea, wheezing, accessory muscle use, anxiety. | Treatment: oxygen, position of comfort, monitor closely.

Respiratory Failure

Inadequate breathing leading to poor oxygen delivery. | Signs & Symptoms: shallow/slow breathing, cyanosis, altered mental status. | Treatment: BVM ventilation, oxygen, rapid transport.

Respiratory Arrest

Complete stop of breathing. | Signs & Symptoms: apnea, unresponsive. | Treatment: immediate BVM ventilations, CPR if pulseless, oxygen.

Asthma

Reversible airway narrowing from bronchospasm. | Signs & Symptoms: wheezing, chest tightness, dyspnea, tripod position. | Treatment: oxygen, assist inhaler (albuterol), monitor.

COPD

Chronic airway disease limiting airflow (includes emphysema + chronic bronchitis). | Signs & Symptoms: chronic cough, wheezing, barrel chest, fatigue. | Treatment: controlled oxygen, monitor breathing, avoid over-oxygenation if protocol.

Emphysema

Destruction of alveoli causing poor gas exchange. | Signs & Symptoms: dyspnea, pursed-lip breathing, tripod position. | Treatment: oxygen, monitor.

Chronic Bronchitis

Inflammation and mucus buildup in airways. | Signs & Symptoms: productive cough, wheezing, cyanosis. | Treatment: oxygen, airway support.

Pneumonia

Lung infection causing inflammation and fluid buildup. | Signs & Symptoms: fever, cough, crackles, dyspnea. | Treatment: oxygen, transport.

Pulmonary Edema

Fluid in lungs from heart failure. | Signs & Symptoms: crackles, pink frothy sputum, severe dyspnea. | Treatment: oxygen, CPAP if available, upright position, rapid transport.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Blood clot blocking lung blood flow. | Signs & Symptoms: sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, anxiety. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

Pneumothorax

Air in pleural space causing lung collapse. | Signs & Symptoms: unilateral decreased lung sounds, chest pain, dyspnea. | Treatment: oxygen, monitor, rapid transport.

Tension Pneumothorax

Air trapped in chest increases pressure, collapses lung + shifts heart. | Signs & Symptoms: hypotension, JVD, tracheal deviation (late), absent lung sounds. | Treatment: high-flow oxygen, rapid transport, ALS needle decompression.

Hemothorax

Blood in chest cavity. | Signs & Symptoms: shock signs, decreased breath sounds, chest pain. | Treatment: oxygen, treat for shock, rapid transport.

Flail Chest

Multiple rib fractures causing unstable chest segment. | Signs & Symptoms: paradoxical movement, severe pain, dyspnea. | Treatment: oxygen, bulky dressing for stabilization, monitor.

Croup

Pediatric upper airway swelling. | Signs & Symptoms: barking cough, stridor, worse at night. | Treatment: calm child, humidified oxygen.

Epiglottitis

Life-threatening swelling of epiglottis blocking airway. | Signs & Symptoms: drooling, tripod position, fever, stridor. | Treatment: do NOT agitate, oxygen, rapid transport.

RSV

Respiratory virus in infants causing bronchiolitis. | Signs & Symptoms: wheezing, congestion, cough, fever. | Treatment: oxygen, suction, monitor.

Cardiac Arrest

Heart stops pumping blood. | Signs & Symptoms: unresponsive, no pulse, apnea. | Treatment: CPR, AED, airway management.

Myocardial Infarction (MI / Heart Attack)

Blocked coronary artery causing heart muscle damage. | Signs & Symptoms: chest pressure, sweating, nausea, pain radiating to arm/jaw. | Treatment: oxygen if needed, aspirin (if allowed), assist nitro, rapid transport.

Angina

Temporary reduced blood flow to heart. | Signs & Symptoms: chest pain relieved by rest/nitro. | Treatment: rest, nitro if prescribed, oxygen if needed.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

Heart cannot pump effectively causing fluid backup. | Signs & Symptoms: crackles, edema, JVD, dyspnea. | Treatment: oxygen, upright position, CPAP if available.

Cardiogenic Shock

Heart failure leading to poor perfusion. | Signs & Symptoms: hypotension, weak pulse, chest pain, cool skin. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

Aortic Aneurysm

Weak artery wall that can rupture. | Signs & Symptoms: severe back/abdominal pain, pulsating mass. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

Pericardial Tamponade

Fluid compresses heart preventing pumping. | Signs & Symptoms: JVD, muffled heart sounds, hypotension (Beck’s triad). | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

Hypertensive Emergency

Extremely high BP causing organ damage risk. | Signs & Symptoms: headache, chest pain, vision changes. | Treatment: calm patient, oxygen if needed, transport.

Stroke (CVA)

Brain blood flow interruption. | Signs & Symptoms: facial droop, arm weakness, slurred speech, confusion. | Treatment: stroke scale, rapid transport to stroke center.

TIA

Temporary stroke-like symptoms that resolve. | Signs & Symptoms: stroke symptoms that go away quickly. | Treatment: treat as stroke, transport.

Seizure

Abnormal brain electrical activity. | Signs & Symptoms: convulsions, postictal confusion. | Treatment: protect airway, oxygen, monitor.

Status Epilepticus

Seizure lasting >5 minutes or repeated seizures. | Signs & Symptoms: continuous seizure activity. | Treatment: airway support, rapid ALS, oxygen.

Concussion

Mild brain injury. | Signs & Symptoms: headache, confusion, memory loss. | Treatment: monitor, transport.

TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

Brain damage from trauma. | Signs & Symptoms: altered LOC, vomiting, unequal pupils. | Treatment: spinal precautions, oxygen, transport.

Meningitis

Infection of brain/spinal fluid coverings. | Signs & Symptoms: fever, stiff neck, headache, photophobia. | Treatment: PPE, oxygen, transport.

Syncope

Fainting from temporary reduced brain blood flow. | Signs & Symptoms: dizziness, brief LOC. | Treatment: supine position, monitor.

Shock

Inadequate tissue perfusion. | Signs & Symptoms: pale, cool skin, weak pulse, altered mental status. | Treatment: oxygen, control bleeding, keep warm, rapid transport.

Hypovolemic Shock

Shock from fluid/blood loss. | Signs & Symptoms: tachycardia, hypotension, pale skin. | Treatment: bleeding control, fluids if allowed, oxygen.

Neurogenic Shock

Spinal injury causes vessel dilation. | Signs & Symptoms: warm dry skin, hypotension, bradycardia. | Treatment: spinal precautions, oxygen, rapid transport.

Septic Shock

Severe infection causing systemic failure. | Signs & Symptoms: fever or hypothermia, hypotension, AMS. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

Anaphylactic Shock

Severe allergic reaction causing airway + circulatory collapse. | Signs & Symptoms: swelling, hives, wheezing, hypotension. | Treatment: epinephrine, oxygen, airway support.

Sepsis

Whole-body infection response. | Signs & Symptoms: fever, tachycardia, AMS. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar. | Signs & Symptoms: sweating, confusion, irritability, seizure. | Treatment: oral glucose if awake, EMS transport.

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar. | Signs & Symptoms: thirst, dehydration, fruity breath, AMS. | Treatment: oxygen, transport.

DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis from insulin deficiency. | Signs & Symptoms: Kussmaul breathing, fruity breath, dehydration. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

HHS

Extreme high blood sugar with dehydration. | Signs & Symptoms: severe dehydration, AMS. | Treatment: oxygen, transport.

Opioid Overdose

Respiratory depression from narcotics. | Signs & Symptoms: pinpoint pupils, slow breathing, unresponsive. | Treatment: naloxone, BVM, oxygen.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

CO prevents oxygen from binding to blood. | Signs & Symptoms: headache, dizziness, confusion, “cherry red” skin (rare). | Treatment: high-flow oxygen.

Fracture

Bone break. | Signs & Symptoms: deformity, swelling, pain. | Treatment: splint, immobilize.

Open Fracture

Bone breaks through skin. | Signs & Symptoms: visible bone, bleeding. | Treatment: sterile dressing, splint.

Dislocation

Bone out of joint. | Signs & Symptoms: deformity, loss of motion. | Treatment: splint as found.

Sprain

Ligament injury. | Signs & Symptoms: swelling, pain, bruising. | Treatment: RICE.

Strain

Muscle/tendon injury. | Signs & Symptoms: pain, spasm. | Treatment: rest, ice, transport if severe.

Compartment Syndrome

Pressure buildup cuts off circulation. | Signs & Symptoms: severe pain, numbness, swelling. | Treatment: rapid transport (emergency).

Internal Bleeding

Bleeding inside body cavities. | Signs & Symptoms: shock signs, bruising, tenderness. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

External Bleeding

Visible blood loss. | Signs & Symptoms: active bleeding. | Treatment: direct pressure, tourniquet if needed.

Amputation

Body part fully or partially removed. | Signs & Symptoms: severe bleeding. | Treatment: bleeding control, preserve amputated part.

Evisceration

Organs outside abdomen. | Signs & Symptoms: organs visible. | Treatment: moist sterile dressing + occlusive cover, no repositioning.

Pelvic Fracture

Severe fracture with internal bleeding risk. | Signs & Symptoms: pelvic instability, shock. | Treatment: pelvic binder, rapid transport.

Burns

Skin/tissue damage. | Signs & Symptoms: redness, blisters, charring. | Treatment: stop burning, cool, sterile dressing.

Smoke Inhalation

Airway injury from smoke toxins. | Signs & Symptoms: soot, hoarseness, cough. | Treatment: high-flow oxygen.

Heat Stroke

Life-threatening overheating. | Signs & Symptoms: hot skin, AMS, no sweating. | Treatment: rapid cooling, oxygen, transport.

Hypothermia

Low body temperature. | Signs & Symptoms: shivering, confusion, slow pulse. | Treatment: gradual warming.

Frostbite

Tissue freezing injury. | Signs & Symptoms: pale numb skin. | Treatment: gradual rewarming, protect tissue.

Near Drowning

Respiratory failure from submersion. | Signs & Symptoms: coughing, dyspnea. | Treatment: oxygen, airway support.

Crush Injury

Tissue damage from prolonged compression. | Signs & Symptoms: swelling, shock. | Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport.

Acute Abdomen

Sudden severe abdominal pain from internal emergency (appendicitis, perforation, infection).

AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)

Weakening and bulging of abdominal aorta that can rupture.

GERD

Stomach acid backing into esophagus.

Cholecystitis (Gallstones)

Gallbladder inflammation from blocked bile duct.

Kidney Stones

Hard mineral buildup in urinary tract.

Bowel Obstruction

Blockage in intestines.

Diverticulitis

Inflamed pouches in colon.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of pancreas.

Hepatitis

Liver inflammation (viral/toxic).

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver failure/scarring.

Dialysis Emergency

Complication in kidney failure patient.

Bell’s Palsy

Temporary facial nerve paralysis (NOT stroke).

Vertigo

False sensation of spinning (inner ear issue).

Parkinson’s Disease

Neurological movement disorder.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Immune attack on nerves.

Febrile Seizure

Seizure from fever in children.

Cyanide Poisoning

Cellular oxygen use blocked (fire smoke exposure).

Meth/Cocaine Overdose

Stimulant toxicity.

Aspirin Overdose

Salicylate toxicity.

Acetaminophen Overdose

Liver-toxic overdose.

Organophosphate Poisoning

Nerve agent/pesticide exposure.

Electrical Burns

Injury from electrical current.

Chemical Burns

Tissue damage from corrosives.

Radiation Burns

Injury from radiation exposure.

Blast Injury

Trauma from explosion pressure wave.

Crush Syndrome

Systemic shock after prolonged compression release.

Hollow Organ Injury

Damage to stomach/intestines/bladder.

Solid Organ Injury

Damage to liver/spleen/kidneys.

Femur Fracture

Broken thigh bone.

Hip Fracture

Broken proximal femur/pelvis joint.

Rib Fracture

Broken ribs.

Facial Fractures

Trauma to facial bones.

Compensated Shock

Body still maintaining BP.

Decompensated Shock

Body failing to compensate.

Sickle Cell Crisis

RBCs block blood flow.