Music History Quiz 3

 Vincentino

A composer who invented a harpsichord with three keyboards that played chromatic, diatonic, and enharmonic. He also inspired chromaticism/word painting.

Printing Press

• Movable type 1450 perfected by Gutenberg

• First liturgical book with plainchant notation made with movable type in the Renaissance (1473)

• The first collection of polyphony using movable type (1501) was published by Petrucci in 1523 and included 59 volumes of vocal and instrumental music.

Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci

Visual Artists

Cervantes (Author)

Writer from Spain

Machiavelli (Author)

Wrote a book called “The Prince,” which was a book on how to acquire and maintain political power.

Shakespeare (Author)

Writer from England

Musical Treatise- Dodecachordon

A treatise by Glareanus (1547), which added four new modes, including Aeolian (minor) and Ionian (major), led to more triadic use.

Treatise-Liber de arte contrapunti

Tinctoris (1477), this provided strict rules for introducing dissonances

Concerto delle donne

Women's vocal ensembles in the courts of Ferrara, specifically for the Medici and Mantua Courts

Courts

Essential for ceremonies and banquets/other events, showed prestige/patronage, and commissioned composer’s works.

Notation

White Mensural Notation which includes a five-line staff and Tablature Notation

Part-Books

Ensemble music was printed in oblong and was one volume for each voice part for home gatherings. If people were using one book, music for parts faced different directions.

Composers and Performers

Mostly men in public performances and compositions that were published. However, women did compose and perform privately.

Dunstable

Leading English composer, Worked in France during English rule (1422-1435), Motet ex. Quam pulchra es, first time identifying Motet as a single set of words, and motets are primarily considered to be sacred, and passages of fauxbourdon.

DuFay

He was between the Medieval and the Renaissance Periods, worked in the Franco-Flemish area, Italy, and was associated with the Burgundian court, created the Secular tune Se la Face Ay Pale and then created the Mass from that tune so it was a Cantus Firmus Mass/Parody Mass.

Ockeghem

Wrote the Mass, Missa Prolationem. Was a Franco-Flemish composer, singer in cathedral choir, served Charles I, sang in the royal chapel of the kings of France from the 1450s to retirement, composed 13 Masses, 5 motets, and 21 secular chansons.

Josquin

Musical equivalent of Michelangelo and Martin Luther, sang at the Sistine Chapel, worked in France for Louis XII, appointed Maestro di Capella in Ferrara in 1503, Petrucci devoted three volumes to Josquin, which was not normal at the time because usually no more than one volume was devoted to a composer, 18 masses, over 55 motets, and 65 chansons. Wrote Missa Hercules, which was a Mass, and Ave Maria, which was a Motet that had 1 set of text but can have up to four voices.

Soggetto Cavato

Carved out tune from vowels

Parody

Borrowed tune from ones own self or another person’s work

Missa Prolationem

Composed by Ockeghem, 15th century, and has two lines because it is a double canon

Secular Cantus Firmus

Pre-existing, non-liturgical melodies used as the foundation for polyphonic compositions.

Burgundian School

Franco-Flemish School

St. Mark’s Basilica

Venetian School

Italian Madrigal

More on the darker side because they usually talk about sadness and death

English Madrigal

Bouncy, lighter, happier sounding. They are strophic and a cappella. A dead giveaway is the use of fa-la-la.

Word Painting

Also known as chromaticism resembles the lyrics that are sung by going down if they are sad or up if they are happy.

Programmatic Music

Words that imitate sounds

Contrafacta

Adapts words but uses the same tune

Michael Praetorius

Includes woodcut illustrations of instruments of the time

Consort

Was a chamber music ensemble that had a set of instruments that were in the same family playing together.

Mixed Consort

Was a chamber music ensemble that was composed of instruments from different families playing together.

Canzona da sonar

Derived from vocal repertoire and transcribed for instruments.

Theme and Variations

Pavana Lacryma/Dowland (Flow My Tears) by William Byrd

Ricerecare

Improvisatory, melodic imitation, precursor to the fugue

Sonata

Sonata Pian e Forte by Gabrieli from Sacrae Symphoniae. Composed to be played as part of the Catholic service at St. Mark’s Cathedral. The first piece to indicate a change of dynamics by adding groups of instruments together.

Toccata

A virtuosic, improvisatory, free-form. They were made for organ, harpsichord, and lute.

Prelude

A short, improvisatory, taster de corde (test tuning), and was often used as a warm-up.

Danse-Orchesographie

A 16th-century dance treatise written by Jehan Tabourat. It is a written study of dance, which was the predecessor to choreography.

Pavane

Basse Danse that was in four, and it was a walking dance in contrast to Haute Danse

Galliard

Haute Danse that was in three with skips and elevation from the floor