naming acids

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

benzaldehyde

acetone

benzophenone

formic acid

acetic acid

propionic acid

butyric acid

benzoic acid

oxalic acid

malonic acid

succinic acid

glutaric acid

carboxylic acid as a suffix

-oic acid

carboxylic acid as a substituent

carboxy

esters as a suffix

-oate

esters as a substituent

alkoxycarbonyl

acid halides as a suffix

-oyl halide

acid halides as a substituent

halocarbonyl

amides as a suffix

-amide

amides as a substituent

carbamoyl

nitriles as a suffix

-nitrile

nitriles as a substituent

cyano

aldehydes as a suffix

-al

aldehydes as a substituent

oxo

ketones as a suffix

-one

ketones as a substituent

oxo

alcohols as a suffix

-ol

alcohols as a substituent

hydroxy

amines as a suffix

-amine

amines as a substituent

amino

ethers as a suffix

ether

ether as a substituent

aloxy

1 in priority

carboxylic acid

2 in priority

esters

3 in priority

acid halides

4 in priority

amides

5 in priority

nitriles

6 in priority

aldehydes

7 in priority

ketones

8 in priority

alcohols

9 in priority

amines

10 in priority

ethers

highest priority group

used as the suffix

not the highest priority group

used as a substituent

N

means the substituent is attached to the nitrogen and not the carbon

anhydride

acetophenone

acetate

iso-

carbon attached to the second to last carbon