exam 3 research psych
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13 Terms
What are control variables?
Control variables are variables that are kept constant in a research study to prevent them from influencing the outcome.
What is internal validity?
Internal validity refers to the degree to which an experiment accurately establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
What are order effects?
Order effects occur when the sequence in which participants experience conditions affects their performance.
What is random assignment?
Random assignment is a technique used to randomly allocate participants to different groups in an experiment to minimize group differences.
What are the different types of research design?
Different types of research design include experimental, correlational, observational, and case study designs.
What is a pretest?
A pretest is an assessment given before an experimental treatment to evaluate the initial status of participants.
What is a posttest?
A posttest is an assessment given after an experimental treatment to evaluate the effects of the treatment.
What are null and alternative hypotheses?
The null hypothesis states there is no effect or relationship; the alternative hypothesis states there is an effect or relationship.
What is a floor effect?
A floor effect occurs when scores cluster at the lower end of the scale, limiting the ability to detect differences.
What is a ceiling effect?
A ceiling effect occurs when scores cluster at the upper end of the scale, limiting the ability to detect differences.
What is factorial design?
Factorial design is an experimental setup that involves two or more independent variables, allowing for the examination of their interactions.
How do you calculate marginal means?
Marginal means are calculated by averaging the dependent variable scores across levels of an independent variable.
What does the number of independent variables represent?
The number of independent variables is equal to the number of main effects; for example, 50 main variables equate to 50 main effects.