LANGUAGE + SOCIAL GROUPS TERMINOLOGY

anti-language

minority dialect or method of communicating, with a minority speech community, aim to exclude main speech community

polari

gay slang usage

divergence

individual changes their language choice to disassociate themselves with a group

face threatening act

act which challenges the face of another participant in convo

embarrassing someone

criticising

threating freedom/ status

field specific lexis

vocabulary that is only related to a certain field/ person activity

idiolect

variation of language use which is specific to a particular person

pronunciation

favourite expressions

interactional speech

communication that primarily serves the purpose of social interaction

small talk

lavender linguistics

study of LGBTQ+ language

mode

medium of a conversation

speaking, writing, signing , digital communications

multiplexity

number of separate social connections between any two people

negative politeness

way to make a request without imposing

hedging

tag questions

off-record (indirect)

the use of indirect language language by a speaker to remove potential of imposing

oppressive discourse strategies

commonly use by superiors in conversations as a method of exerting power

‘shut up’

politness stratergies

speech acts that express concern and minimise threats to self-esteem

positive politness

way to make a request without giving offence highlighting friendliness

humour

compliments

tag questions

honorifics

repressive discourse strategies

power displayed more subtly

‘they prefer the quiet’

sociolect

variation in language used associated with members of a particular social group

transactional speech

language used to make a transaction, creates a result

upwards convergence

speaker emphasis on the standard aspects of their speech emphasising prestige forms