Statistics and Probability Exam Review

Flashcards for key vocabulary terms related to statistics, probability, and mathematical concepts that are vital for understanding the content covered in the exam.

Sample

A subset of individuals from a larger population, used to make inferences about the population.

Bias

A systematic error that leads to an unfair representation of the population in a sample.

Median

The middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in numerical order.

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The difference between the third quartile and the first quartile in a data set, representing the middle 50% of the data.

Rate

A ratio that compares two quantities with different units.

Inequality

A mathematical statement that compares two expressions that may not be equal.

Probability Model

A mathematical representation of a random phenomenon defined by a sample space and probabilities for each outcome.

Constant of Proportionality

A constant ratio in a proportional relationship, found by dividing the value of one quantity by its corresponding quantity.

Volume of a Prism

The amount of space occupied by a prism, calculated by the area of the base multiplied by the height.

Unit Rate

A rate that has a denominator of one; it describes how many units of one quantity correspond to one unit of another quantity.

Cross Section

The intersection of a three-dimensional figure with a plane.