maternal child exam 1

how long can sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?

up to 4-5 days

what is XX chromosome??

female

what is XY chromosome??

male

who determines the sex of the baby??

male

what is a zygote??

fertilized egg

what is an embryo??

It is the fertilized egg that is the early stages of the fetus

function of amniotic fluid??

maintain even temperature and cushion fetus

how much fluid is around the baby at 37 weeks??

1000mL or 1L of fluid

what is lanugo??

fine downy hair of newborn infant

what is FMLA??

The Family & Medical Leave act of 1993. allows 12 weeks of job protected leave

remember A.V.A

2 arteries and 1 vein

how long is umbilical cord??

22in long (55cm)

what causes murmurs in babies??

ductus arteriosus and ductus venous

what are monozygotic twins??

identical twins from single fertilized ovum (one egg splits)

what are diyzygotic twins??

non-identical twins from two separate fertilized ovum

presumptive pregnancy signs??

amenorrhea, nausea, breast tenderness, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency, quickening

possible pregnancy signs??

goodell sign, chadwick sign, hegar sign, mcdonald sign, abdominal enlargement, braxton hicks, abdominal striae, positive urine (hCG)

positive pregnancy signs??

fetal skeleton on xray, fetal presence on ultrasound, fetal HR present, when the examiner palpates fetal movement

supine hypotension syndrome or inferior vena cava syndrome??

occurs in pregnant women when laying flat on their back. lying on left side alleviates symptoms. significant drop in bp

what is antepartum??

before birth

what is intrapartum??

during birth

what is postpartum??

after birth

what should you add in a pregnant woman's diet??

folic acid!! helps with neural tube defects

what is fundus??

it is the dome-shaped top of the uterus

checks fetal growth and amniotic fluid

viability??

ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb (20 weeks)

how much weight should a woman gain during first trimester??

4.4lbs and 1lb per week during rest of pregnancy

what does breast milk provide??

maternal antibodies and gives acquired immunity from diseases for several months

risk of flying while pregnant??

blood clots

category X drugs when pregnant??

can cause fetal anomalies and should not be taken

geriatric pregnancy??

pregnancy after the age of 35

454g = ?lb

1lb

1st sign of puberty in girls??

breast development (age 11-15)

1st sign of puberty in boys??

axillary hair (age 10-16)

does pre-ejaculate contain sperm??

yes

how long is sperm stored in the epididymis??

2-10 days

purpose of urethra in males??

carry both semen and urine but not at the same time

function of vagina??

birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, and organ of copulation

purpose of perineum??

allows stretching for birth

site of episiotomy (incision)

where does the uterus lie??

posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

what is the uterus shaped like??

upside down pear

what are secondary sex characteristics??

breasts, facial hair, menstrual periods, voice changes, and body fat distribution

when does the first menstrual period occur??

2-2 1/2 years after first sign of puberty

what are montgomery glands??

sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple, they protect the breast during lactation

what secretes milk??

alveoli

what carries milk??

lactiferous ducts

what stores milk??

lactiferous sinuses (ampulla)

what is semen??

fluid containing sperm and secretions from male reproductive organs

what is a zygote??

fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete with a male gamete

only a single sperm can penetrate a single egg, true or false??

true

ninth week until birth??

fetus

2-8 weeks after conception??

embryo

first two weeks after conception??

zygote (pre-embryo)

where does zygote implant??

outer third of fallopian tube

when does the heart begin beating??

5-6 weeks

what is the last thing to fully develop??

lungs

when does the heart start to pump??

week 3

nagele's rule??

count backwards 3 months

add 7 days

correct year if necessary

what is hyperemesis gravidarum??

excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

fetal growth may be restricted

total placenta previa??

completely covers the cervical opening

complete detachment of placenta

partial placenta previa??

partially covers cervical opening

detachment of part of placenta

when does placenta previa occur??

when placenta develops in lower part of uterus rather than upper

gestational hypertension??

high blood pressure during pregnancy

preeclampsia??

increase in BP that occurs after 20 weeks gestation with proteinuria in a woman who has normal BP before pregnancy

eclampsia??

a condition in which one or more convulsions occur in a pregnant woman suffering from high blood pressure, often followed by coma and posing a threat to the health of mother and baby

what are TORCH infections??

Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections

what is cytomegalovirus??

most common cause of viral hearing loss, is a herpes-type virus transmitted by close contact with infected children and also through sexual contact

what does rubella cause during pregnancy??

microcephaly, intellectual impairment, congenital cataracts, deafness, cardiac defects, and IUGR

placenta produces which hormones??

progesterone, estrogen, hCG, hPL

what is wharton jelly??

substance that surround the umbilical cord

when does puberty begin??

when secondary sex characteristics appear

when does puberty end??

when mature sperm are formed or when regular menstrual cycles occur

vagina's normal acidic pH??

4-5

posterior pituitary gland secretes??

oxytocin which stimulates contraction of the uterus and dilation of the cervical canal

what are teratogens??

substances that cause birth defects (drugs, undernutrition, smoking)

ovum always contributes??

an X chromosome

fetal lung preparation for birth??

maintains lung expansion and allows for lung growth

what is nulligravida??

a woman who has never been pregnant

what is primigravida??

a woman who is pregnant for the first time

what is para??

number of pregnancies that reached 20 weeks gestation