Nucleic acids

How many types of Nucleic acids are there

2

What are the 2 types of Nucleic acids

1. DNA

2. RNA

What are the roles of DNA and RNA

storage and transfer of genetic information and the synthesis of polypeptides ( proteins ).

What do Nucleic acids contain

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus

What are nucleic acids

Large polymers formed from nitrogen and phosphorus monomers linked together in a chain.

What is single nucleotide made up from

1. A pentose monosaccharide (sugar)

2. A phosphate group,

• $-PO_4^{2-_{}}$

3. A nitrogenous base

How many carbon atoms does the pentose monosaccharide contain

5

What is the phosphate group

an inorganic molecule that is acidic and negatively charged

what is the nitrogenous base

A complex organic molecule containing one or two carbon rings in its structure as well as nitrogen

How are nucleotides linked together

By condensation reactions

what does nucleotides that are linked together by condensation reaction form

polynucleotide

What does the phosphate group at the fifth carbon of the pentose sugar (5') of one nucleotide form

A covalent bond with hydroxyl group at the third carbon (3') of the pentose sugar of an adjacent nucleotide

what is the covalent bond that is formed from the phosphate group and the hydroxyl group called

Phosphodiester bonds

What does phosphodiester bonds form

a long, strong sugar-phosphate 'backbone' with a base attached to each sugar.

How are phosphodiester bonds broken

via hydrolysis

What is the sugar in DNA

deoxyribose

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose in terms of oxygen atoms

deoxyribose has 1 fewer oxygen atoms than ribose

How many different DNA nucleotides are there

4

What are the names of the four different DNA nucleotides

Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine

True or false. Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine are not bases

False

what does the group pyrimidine contain

Smaller bases - T and C

what carbon ring structure does pyrimidine

single carbon ring structure

what does the group purines contain

larger bases - A, G

what carbon ring structures does purines have

double carbon ring structure

True or false. DNA is made up of four strands of polynucleotides coiled into a helix

False (Two strands)

True or false. DNA does not have a double helix structure

False