APUSH Chapter 20 Multiple Choice, Chapter 21 APUSH Multiple Choice

European powers favored a civil war in the United States because

A) they could regain control of a divided America.

B) war would weaken the United States' power in the Western Hemisphere.

C) war could end the concept of balance of power in the Americas.

D) such a conflict would halt the flow of blacks to Canada.

E) two North American nations would have weaker economies than one.

B

President Lincoln's decision on what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his administration can best be characterized as

A) ill thought out.

B) rash and hotheaded.

C) the only possible option.

D) a strategic blunder.

E) a middle of the road solution.

E

Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that

A) Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops.

B) Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort.

C) the fort's commander was planning to evacuate his troops secretly from the fort.

D) Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand militia troops to form a voluntary Union army.

E) southern support for secession was weakening.

B

Many Northerners were willing to allow Southern states to leave the Union until

A) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry.

B) the South attacked Fort Sumter.

C) Robert E. Lee was named to head the potential new nation's army.

D) South Carolina seceded from the United States.

E) Virginia and Tennessee joined the seceding states

B

In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln

A) relied solely on moral appeal.

B) used only totally legal methods.

C) guaranteed that they could keep slavery permanently.

D) never had to use troops.

E) used legally dubious methods.

E

The Border States offered all of the following advantages except

A) a large population.

B) a good supply of horses and mules.

C) valuable manufacturing capacity.

D) shipbuilding facilities.

E) large navigable rivers.

D

Lincoln's declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery

A) came as a disappointment to most Northerners and demoralized the Union.

B) revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies.

C) caused some seceded states to rejoin the Union.

D) contradicted the campaign promises of the Republican party.

E) cost him support in the "Butternut region" of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

B

During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma

A) supported the Confederacy.

B) supported the Union.

C) remained neutral.

D) gave up their slaves.

E) sought admission as a Confederate state.

A

In return for support from the Plains Indians during the Civil War, the Union

A) gave them land in California.

B) increased their federal payments.

C) allowed them to send delegates to Congress.

D) made them scouts for the U. S. Army.

E) waged war on them and herded them onto reservations.

E

To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to

A) invade the Union.

B) win a decisive military victory on its own soil.

C) fight the invading Union army to a draw.

D) attract more talented military commanders.

E) capture Washington, D.C.

C

As the Civil War began, the South seemed to have the advantage of

A) greater ability to wage offensive warfare.

B) more talented military leaders.

C) superior industrial capabilities.

D) superior transportation facilities.

E) a more united public opinion.

B

All of the following were similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate soldiers shared except:

A) most soldiers had been farmers or farm laborers.

B) poor unskilled workers were well represented among both armies.

C) most troops were native born.

D) almost half were under the age of 22.

E) both shared a common commitment to patriotism.

B

Johnny Reb tended to be all of the following except

A) jocular.

B) emotional.

C) religious.

D) detached personally from the war.

E) bred to fight.

D

Billy Yank tended to be all of the following except

A) religious.

B) literate.

C) intellectual.

D) practical.

E) efficient.

A

Of all the hardships faced by the soldiers during the Civil War, the greatest was

A) starvation.

B) disease.

C) decline of moral standards.

D) lack of proper clothing.

E) constant fighting.

B

The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its

A) military leadership.

B) navy.

C) slave population.

D) economy.

E) political system.

D

The North's greatest strength in the Civil War was its

A) ethnic unity.

B) military leadership.

C) navy.

D) high morale.

E) economy.

E

Much of the hunger experienced by Confederate soldiers in the Civil War was due to

A) poor agricultural production.

B) the Union's naval blockade.

C) the South's rickety transportation system.

D) the fact that slaves abandoned the plantations.

E) profiteering by military suppliers.

C

Northern soldiers eventually became known for their

A) discipline and determination.

B) cowardice in battle.

C) lack of proper training.

D) high-pitched battle yell.

E) love of military pomp and hierarchy.

A

To find effective high-level commanders, the Union

A) took only top graduates of West Point.

B) drew on its reserve officer training program.

C) relied on the advice of foreign experts.

D) did not let politics enter the decision-making process.

E) used trial and error.

E

A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its real advantage was

A) effective military leadership.

B) intervention from Britain and France.

C) the fighting skill of Southern males.

D) its ability to fight on its own soil.

E) its belief that it was defending its way of life.

B

One reason that the British did not try to break the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War was that

A) they feared losing Northern grain shipments.

B) they did not want to fight against the superior American navy.

C) the British upper class had supported the North from the onset of hostilities.

D) the war caused no economic problems for Britain.

E) the South resented British interference.

A

The South believed that the British would come to its aid because

A) the people in Britain would demand such action.

B) British Canada was strongly hostile to the Union.

C) Britain still had slavery in its empire.

D) the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom's Cabin to be sold in the empire.

E) Britain was dependent on Southern cotton.

E

During the Civil War, Britain and the United States were nearly provoked into war by

A) the incompetence of Charles Francis Adams, the United States ambassador to London.

B) Britain's refusal to observe the Union's blockade of Southern ports.

C) the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship.

D) Napoleon III's effort to place Maximilian on the Mexican throne.

E) British working class support for the South.

C

During the Civil War, diplomacy for the Union and the Confederacy

A) played only a small role.

B) was important for the Union but not for the Confederacy.

C) was critical for both.

D) was important for the Confederacy but not for the Union.

E) relied on international organizations.

C

Confederate commerce-raiders such as the Alabama

A) were of little value.

B) proved effective against Union shipping.

C) were supplied by the French.

D) lasted less than a year.

E) operated mostly off the Atlantic coast

B

The Confederacy's most effective commerce-raider was the

A) Monitor.

B) Merrimack.

C) Trent.

D) Virginia.

E) Alabama.

E

Napoleon III's attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of

A) French neutrality.

B) the Rush-Bagot agreement.

C) Spanish sovereignty.

D) the Monroe Doctrine.

E) Pan-American treaties.

D

France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico

A) because the effort proved to be unprofitable.

B) when the British pressured them to leave.

C) when the American Civil War began.

D) because the Mexicans declared independence.

E) when the United States threatened to force France to leave.

E

During the Civil War,

A) relations between the Union and Canada were at times very poor.

B) Southerners were unable to use Canada as a base from which to attack the Union.

C) the Union and Canada became very close allies.

D) France made an effort to regain control of Canada.

E) the British army in Canada mobilized for intervention.

A

The Southern cause was weakened by

A) the concept of states' rights that the Confederacy professed.

B) a president, Jefferson Davis, who catered to public opinion and did not work hard at his job.

C) the failure of the Southern people to commit to the ideal of Southern independence.

D) a lack of sound military leadership.

E) the constant threat of slave rebellion.

A

As leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis

A) enjoyed real personal popularity despite the South's loss.

B) was a poor administrator.

C) developed a good relationship with his congress.

D) effectively articulated southern ideals.

E) defied rather than led public opinion.

E

The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North

A) had a long-established and fully recognized government.

B) had strong political support from Britain and France.

C) held firm to states' rights principles.

D) was united in the cause of abolitionism.

E) had fewer internal political divisions.

A

As president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis did not exercise the arbitrary power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because

A) of the South's emphasis on states' rights.

B) there was such strong agreement on policy in the South.

C) he did not believe in strong executive action.

D) Lee's insistence on keeping his army out of politics.

E) the Confederate Constitution gave him all the power he needed.

A

To fill the army's demand for troops, the North relied mainly on

A) the draft.

B) bounty brokers.

C) substitute brokers.

D) volunteers.

E) foreign mercenaries.

D

The Union's establishment of the National Banking System

A) led to the issuance of depreciated paper money.

B) established the gold standard in the U.S.

C) resulted in the reestablishment of the Bank of the United States.

D) lasted only during the Civil War.

E) was the first significant step toward a unified banking network since 1836.

E

During the Civil War, the Union

A) launched a new national banking system.

B) lowered tariff rates.

C) imposed a 10 percent levy on farm produce.

D) experienced runaway inflation.

E) was plagued by unstable banks.

A

As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy

A) became dependent on international trade.

B) saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall.

C) saw unscrupulous business practices dramatically reduced.

D) greatly benefited ordinary workers.

E) emerged more prosperous than ever before.

E

The only major Northern industry that suffered economic reversal during the Civil War was

A) textile manufacturing.

B) the petroleum industry.

C) wheat farming.

D) foreign shipping.

E) iron manufacturing.

D

During the Civil War, women in the North

A) generally played a small role.

B) worked on farms but not in cities.

C) saw their numbers in the manufacturing force greatly reduced.

D) had new opportunities opened to them in industry.

E) agitated for the vote.

D

Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would

A) lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.

B) bring an end to slavery.

C) destroy the economy of the South.

D) pull the Border states out of the Confederacy.

E) all of the above.

A

Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, (D) the Battle of Antietam.

A) B, C, A, D

B) D, B, C, A

C) C, A, D, B

D) A, B, D, C

E) A, D, B, C

E

The South's victory at Bull Run in 1861

A) reduced enlistments in the South's army.

B) reduced the number of Confederate deserters.

C) demonstrated how difficult Confederate independence would be.

D) convinced the South of the need to prepare for a protracted conflict.

E) forced Lincoln to flee Washington.

A

In the Civil War, the South won the battle of

A) Vicksburg.

B) Bull Run.

C) Gettysburg.

D) Atlanta.

E) Lookout Mountain.

B

The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because

A) Ulysses S. Grant took command of the army immediately after the setback.

B) the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war.

C) "Stonewall" Jackson was killed.

D) it caused Lincoln to declare a war against slavery.

E) all of the above.

B

George B. McClellan is best described as

A) disliked by his own men.

B) aggressive.

C) cautious.

D) not very intelligent.

E) a great strategist.

C

After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of

A) taking too many risks.

B) relying on Lincoln's military judgment.

C) being unconcerned about the morale of his troops.

D) not drilling his troops enough to prepare them for battle.

E) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

E

As a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula Campaign,

A) Lincoln named George McClellan commander of the Union forces.

B) the North backed away from total war.

C) Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.

D) Winfield Scott was relieved of his command.

E) the war was forced off southern soil.

C

After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except

A) cutting the Confederacy in half.

B) marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas.

C) blockading the Confederacy's coastline.

D) liberating the slaves.

E) bypassing the Confederate capital at Richmond.

E

As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign,

A) Robert E. Lee was named to command the entire Southern army.

B) Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union forces.

C) Lincoln delayed his issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

D) the Union turned to a strategy of total war.

E) Lincoln abandoned the war in the West.

D

The final Union war strategy included all the following components except

A) guerrilla warfare.

B) a naval blockade.

C) undermining the Confederate economy.

D) seizing control of the Mississippi River.

E) capturing Richmond.

A

Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because

A) Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.

B) the British government clearly supported the Union.

C) it would have been useless to try to run the blockade.

D) profits were not high enough to justify the risk.

E) the blockade did not cut off cotton shipments.

A

The most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from

A) British navy vessels on loan to the South.

B) swift blockade-running steamers.

C) the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors.

D) the sinking of the Union's Monitor.

E) the ironclad Merrimack (the Virginia).

E

The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was

A) destroyed by Union troops.

B) captured and used by Union troops.

C) destroyed by Confederate soldiers.

D) able to escape to British ports.

E) none of the above.

C

After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan

A) retired from the military.

B) moved to confront Lee again at Gettysburg.

C) was appointed to command the main Western army.

D) marched his army toward Atlanta.

E) was removed from his field command.

E

One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was

A) Europe's refusal to help the South before the battle.

B) the Union's discovery of Robert E. Lee's battle plans.

C) Lincoln's removal of General McClellan from his command.

D) the use of the new repeating rifle for the first time.

E) the death of Stonewall Jackson during the battle.

B

The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were

A) Shiloh and Chancellorsville.

B) Bull Run and Vicksburg.

C) Gettysburg and Antietam.

D) Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg.

E) Mobile and Missionary Ridge.

C

The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it

A) inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among Southerners.

B) ended Lee's plan of invading the North.

C) delayed Lincoln's plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.

D) ensured the reelection of President Lincoln.

E) probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.

E

The North's "victory" at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to

A) issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

B) seek military assistance from Great Britain.

C) force the Border States to remain in the Union.

D) keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces.

E) suppress Copperhead opposition in the North.

A

Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the

A) Union victory over the Confederates at Gettysburg.

B) surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox.

C) Emancipation Proclamation.

D) statutes of the individual states.

E) Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

E

The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of

A) reducing desertions from the Union army.

B) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.

C) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election.

D) quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies.

E) weakening Confederate morale.

B

When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in

A) the Border States.

B) slave states that remained loyal to the Union.

C) United States territories.

D) states still in rebellion against the United States.

E) areas controlled by the Union army.

D

All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except

A) mounting opposition in the North to an "abolition war."

B) sharp increases in Union desertions.

C) heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration.

D) the disappearance of European working-class support for the Union.

E) complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.

D

During the Civil War

A) blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.

B) Southern armies found no way of utilizing slave labor.

C) thousands of slaves rose in armed rebellion behind Southern lines.

D) about one out of every four Union troops was black.

E) captured black soldiers were treated well by Confederates.

A

African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War

A) saw little actual combat.

B) served mainly as supply personnel.

C) served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties.

D) accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union enlistments.

E) refused to serve under white officers.

C

The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army

A) a month before the war ended.

B) at the beginning of the war.

C) as a response to the Emancipation Proclamation.

D) to help in the attack on Gettysburg.

E) in recognition that the idea of slavery was wrong.

A

Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to

A) deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement.

B) force the Union to ease its blockade of the South.

C) cut Northern supply lines.

D) stir northern draft resisters to rise in revolt.

E) seize Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.

A

The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because

A) the war ended shortly thereafter.

B) it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in 1864.

C) the Union had uncovered the Confederates' battle plans wrapped around cigars.

D) it was decided so quickly.

E) Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.

E

The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because

A) it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade.

B) coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost.

C) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation.

D) it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.

E) all of the above.

E

One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was

A) a longer war.

B) the loss of more lives.

C) fewer desertions on the Confederate side.

D) southern resignation to defeat.

E) a shorter war that saved lives.

E

The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the

A) Northern Peace Democrats.

B) Radical Republicans.

C) Northern War Democrats.

D) Union Party.

E) African Americans.

A

Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a

A) Carpetbagger.

B) Contraband.

C) Copperhead.

D) Doughface.

E) Prince of Jesters.

C

In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the _______________ party.

A) Federal

B) Liberty

C) Union

D) National

E) Progressive

C

In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's running mate was

A) Salmon P. Chase.

B) Wendell Phillips.

C) William Tecumseh Sherman.

D) Stephen A. Douglas.

E) Andrew Johnson.

E

In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated _______________ to oppose Lincoln's reelection.

A) George McClellan

B) Ulysses S. Grant

C) Andrew Johnson

D) Clement C. Vallandigham

E) Horace Greeley

A

The Union army's victory in the capture of _______________ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864.

A) Gettysburg

B) Richmond

C) Vicksburg

D) Antietam

E) Atlanta

E

General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved

A) attacking the enemy one army at a time.

B) striking tactically from the flanks.

C) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly.

D) extensive use of interior line defense.

E) surrounding enemy armies for a long siege.

C

During the Civil War, Grant lost one man to every ___ , and Lee lost one man to every ___.

A) 10, 5

B) 5, 10

C) 5, 20

D) 2, 10

E) 5, 2

A

The assassination of Abraham Lincoln

A) was a calamity for the South.

B) benefited the South.

C) had little effect on Reconstruction.

D) saved him from possible impeachment.

E) brought an abolitionist to the White House.

A

The supreme test of American democracy in the nineteenth century was

A) the Revolution.

B) surviving the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

C) helping Britain to pass the Reform Bill of 1867.

D) the War of 1812.

E) the Civil War.

E

The Civil War resulted in which of the following?

A) expanded federal powers of taxation

B) the end of nullification and secession

C) the creation of the first federal social welfare agency

D) the end of slavery

E) all of the above

E

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored

A) postponing military action as long as possible.

B) making the Civil War about ending slavery.

C) long-term enlistments for Union soldiers.

D) quick military action to show the folly of secession.

E) seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

D