Chapt 4 Quiz

During photosynthesis, plants capture the energy of _____ and convert it into glucose and fructose.

sunlight

_____ are absorbed by the small intestine and are then transported into the blood.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

_____ grains contain all the essential parts of the entire grain seed in its original proportions.

Germ

Refined grains

Whole

Enriched grains

whole

Which food ingredient does NOT add sugar to a product?

dextrose

maltodextrin

malt syrup

corn syrup

maltodextrin

Which statement about the Whole Grain Stamp is true?

It promotes food products that are low in sugar and sodium.

It identifies products that contain a meaningful amount of whole grains.

It brings attention to high-carbohydrate food products.

It is designed to reduce the gluten content of food products.

It identifies products that contain a meaningful amount of whole grains.

Which of the following makes recommendations on fiber intake?

Dietary Reference Intakes

American Heart Association

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

World Health Organization

Dietary Reference Intakes

Which of these foods will typically provide the highest percentage of total calories from carbohydrates?

fruit

grains

beans

dairy products

fruit

Nutrition researcher Mozaffarian discovered that products marketed as containing whole grains contain what:

contain a mixture of whole grains, refined grains, and sugars.

"Table sugar" is also known as:

sucrose

_____ reduces the rise in blood glucose following a carbohydrate-containing meal, which may improve blood glucose control in people with diabetes.

soluable fiber

Which enzyme does NOT break disaccharides into monosaccharides for absorption?

lactase

maltase

amylase

sucrase

amylase

-Amylase begins the digestion of starch.

Essential fatty acids are found primarily in what part(s) of a grain?

germ and endosperm

germ

endosperm

bran

germ

Which of the following is LEAST likely to cause diarrhea when consumed in excess?

sucralose

tagatose

sorbitol

mannitol

sucralose

The germ of a grain contains all of the following EXCEPT:

cholesterol.

vitamins.

essential fatty acids.

minerals.

cholesterol.

Plants can store _____ as starch.

glucose

maltose

glycogen

sucrose

glucose

Glucose is stored as a polymer in which cells/tissue organs in the body?

muscle and liver only

Hyperglycemia occurs when blood _____ is high.

glucose

Diabetes increases the risk of all of the following complications EXCEPT:

cancer

What is the MOST significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

obesity

One complication of type 2 diabetes is:

visual impairment

Which statement about type 1 diabetes is true?

It occurs after prediabetes.

It is typically diagnosed in adulthood.

It is an autoimmune disease.

It can be controlled by lifestyle modifications.

It is an autoimmune disease.

Some individuals with diabetes are instructed to inspect their feet daily because they may not be aware of wounds on the bottom of their feet. Why might individuals with diabetes not realize that they have a wound on the bottom of a foot?

nerve damage

During starvation, there is an increase in the synthesis of _____ as insulin levels drop, which decreases the rate of skeletal muscle loss.

ketone bodies

glucose

protein

fatty acids

ketone bodies

Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose into all of the following EXCEPT:

cardiac muscle.

the liver.

adipose tissue.

skeletal muscle.

liver

_____ stimulates the liver to store glucose.

insulin

All of the following are true of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes EXCEPT:

they have low birth weights.

they have an increased risk of developing diabetes as an adult.

they have an increased risk of becoming an obese child.

they have an increased risk of shoulder injury during birth.

they have low birth weights.

Women with gestational diabetes often have children with high birth weights.

To keep her blood glucose from falling too low, Remi includes some _____ in her intake, along with carbohydrates in meals and snacks.

water

coffee

protein

vitamins

protein

Insulin stimulates the production of all of the following EXCEPT:

fat.

proteins.

glycogen.

glucose.

glucose

_____ is an increase in the acidity of the blood, which can lead to coma and death.

Ketoacidosis

All of the following symptoms would be experienced by someone with untreated type 1 diabetes EXCEPT:

unintended weight loss.

extreme thirst.

frequent urination.

diminished appetite.

diminished appetite

Which one of the following servings of food will have the highest glycemic load?

total mass: 190 g, total carbs: 35 g, GI: 70

total mass: 140 g, total carbs: 30 g, GI: 85

total mass: 170 g, total carbs: 40 g, GI: 80

total mass: 150 g, total carbs: 60 g, GI: 60

total mass: 150 g, total carbs: 60 g, GI: 60

Insulin resistance occurs when cells:

cells respond poorly to insulin

When insulin resistance develops, muscle and fat cells _____ glucose.

become more sensitive to

are not affected by

poorly absorb

respond better to

poorly absorb

When a developing fetus is exposed to excess glucose what happens:

insulin production is suppressed.

excess fat accumulates.

the degree of bone mineralization increases.

the infant grows more slowly.

excess fat accumulates

The hormone known as ( _____ ) is released in response to a huge release of insulin.

epinephrine

All of the following are true of type 2 diabetes early in the progression of the disease EXCEPT:

adipose tissue and muscle do not adequately take up glucose from blood.

insulin concentrations in the blood are low.

the production of glucose by the liver is inappropriately elevated.

muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver respond only weakly to insulin.

insulin concentrations in the blood are low.

The lowest fasting blood glucose concentration that would result in a diagnosis of diabetes is:

126 mg/dl.

100 mg/dl.

200 mg/dl.

140 mg/dl.

A blood glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL would result in a diagnosis of diabetes

Although her gestational diabetes went away after Sally gave birth, both Sally and her baby will remain at a higher risk for developing _____ later in life.

type 2 diabetes