CHEM 100 LEC: EXAM 4

CHEM 100 LEC

True or False: Aromatic Hydrocarbons usually undergo Substitution Reaction

True

True or False: Aromatic Hydrocarbons usually undergo Addition Reaction

False

True or False: Aromatic Hydrocarbons always contain a Benzene Ring

True

True or False: Aromatic Hydrocarbons behave like Alkenes

False

What are Two Classes of Organic Compounds that could React Together to Form Esters?

Carboxylic acid and Alcohol

What is the Name of the Functional Group in Ketones?

Carbonyl

What is the Name of the Functional Group in Carboxylic Acids?

Carboxyl

What is an Alkane?

Saturated hydrocarbon with only single bonds

What is an Alkene?

Unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one double bond

What is an Alkyne?

Unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one triple bond

What is the General Formula for Alkanes?

CnH2n+2

What is the General Formula for Alkenes?

CnH2n

What is the General Formula for Alkynes?

CnH2n−2

Alcohol Functional Group?

C-O-H

Alcohol Suffix?

-ol

Ketone Suffix?

-one

Aldehyde Functional Group?

CHO

Aldehyde Suffix?

-anal

Carboxylic Acid Functional Group?

COOH

Carboxylic Acid suffix?

-oic acid

Ester Functional Group?

COO

Ester Suffix?

-oate

Ether Functional Group?

COC

Amine Functional Group?

NH2

Amine Suffix?

-amine

Alkene Functional Group?

C=C

Alkyne Functional Group?

C≡C

What is the Rule for Optical Isomerism?

A carbon must be attached to 4 different groups

Ketone Functional Group?

C=O in the middle

What is Cis?

Same side of a double bond

What is Trans?

Opposite sides of a double bond

What is the Difference between Cis and Trans?

Cis = Same side

Trans = Opposite side

Cis

Trans

What is a Neutralization Reaction?

Acid + base reaction

What is a Condensation Reaction?

A reaction where two molecules join together and release water

What is a Hydrolysis Reaction?

A reaction where water breaks a molecule apart

What is an Addition Reaction?

A reaction where atoms add across a double bond

What is the IUPAC Naming Order?

1. Substituents (Ex. Methyl)

2. Parent Chain (Ex. Butan)

3. Functional Group (Ex. -one, ketone)

How many Bonds does Carbon usually Form?

4 bonds

How many Bonds does Hydrogen usually Form?

1 bond

How many Bonds does Oxygen usually Form?

2 bonds

How many Bonds does Sulfur usually Form?

2 bonds

How many bonds does Nitrogen usually Form?

3 bonds

How many Bonds do Halogens usually Form?

1 bond

What is the Name of the Functional Group in Alcohol?

Hydroxyl

What is the Name of the Functional Group in Aldehyde?

Carbonyl

What is the Name of the Functional Group in Amine?

Amino

Ether Suffix?

-oxy

Primary Alcohol

Secondary Alcohol

Tertiary Alcohol

Skeletal Isomers

Positional Isomers

Functional Isomers

Geometrical Isomers

Optical Isomers

What are Optical Isomers?

Mirror-image molecules caused by a chiral carbon

What are Geometric Isomers?

Molecules that differ around a double bond (Cis/Trans)

What are Positional Isomers?

Same functional group in different positions

What are Functional Isomers?

Same molecular formula but different functional groups

What are Skeletal Isomers?

Same formula but different carbon chain arrangement

What is a Substitution Reaction?

A reaction where one atom or group is replaced by another atom or group

What Happens when a Primary Alcohol is Oxidized?

Primary alcohol → aldehyde

What Happens when a Secondary Alcohol is Oxidized?

Secondary alcohol → ketone

What Happens when a Tertiary Alcohol is Oxidized?

Usually no reaction

What is Ionization?

A reaction where a molecule forms ions

What is Esterification?

A reaction where an alcohol and carboxylic acid form an ester + water

What are the Groups that Help Dissolve in Water?

OH (Alcohol)

NH2 (Amine)

COOH (Carboxylic Acid)

What is the Hydrolysis Pattern for Ethers?

R–O–R + H2O → R–OH + HO–R

What is the Hydrolysis Pattern for Esters?

RCOOR + H2O → RCOOH + ROH

How are Substituents listed in an IUPAC Name?

In alphabetical order

Rank the Most Water-Soluble Groups

1. Carboxylic acid (-COOH)

2. Amine (-NH2)

3. Alcohol (-OH)