Normal CSD Final Exam Review

A lexicon increases over a lifetime

True

All languages have rules on how to put words together into sentences

True

What is syntax

Word order

What does MLU stand for

Mean Length of Utterance

Describe how an SLP obtains an MLU

They observe a child in their natural environment for about one hour. Then, they transcribe the utterances and calculate the morphemes per utterance. Finally, divide the total morphemes by the total utterances for the MLU.

What is a derivational morpheme

changes the grammatical categories of words

Give an example of a derivational morpheme

Bake to baker

An MLU is a relatively good language predictor for children ages 1-5

True

Make a sentence using the present progressive

I am going to the store; He is swimming.

Make a sentence using a preposition

He crawled under the desk.

Make a sentence using the plural "s"

I like dogs.

Make a sentence using an irregular past tense

I broke the vase.

What percentage of kindergarteners exhibit an SLI

7%

What are speech sound disorders

problems producing sounds in speech (encompasses Childhood Apraxia of Speech, articulation disorders, and phonological processes impairment)

What are articulation disorders

problems producing speech sounds in motor movement

What is Childhood Apraxia of Speech

problems motor planning

What is phonological processes impairment

challenges with the speech sound system of language (the rules of language)

Children with solely an articulation disorder are usually unintelligible

false

Describe porosity

the intonation and change in voice (rate, volume, pitch)

The "n" in bunny is prevocalic, intervocalic, or postvocalic

intervocalic

How are consonants described

by position to vowels

Give an example of a stop

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

Describe how a fricative is made

turbulent air is constricted

Give an example of a fricative

/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /h/ /th/ (voiced and unvoiced) /sh/ /zh/

What are the two affricates

/ch/ /j/

What makes up an affricate

a stop and a fricative put together

What makes nasal sounds unique

they are all voiced and go through the nasal cavity (/m/ /n/ /ng/)

How are glides produced

the sound starts in one position and glides to another (/w/ /j/)

What sounds are liquids

/l/ /r/

What sounds are bilabial

/p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ (/W/ is bilabial to lingual velar)

What sounds are labiodental

/f/ /v/

What does labial mean

lips

What does dental mean

teeth

How are interdentals produced

they are fricatives produced with part of the tongue between the teeth

What are lingual alveolars

/t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /l/ /n/

What is fronting

when sounds made in the back of the oral cavity are made in the front (ex. Cat to Tat)

What is backing

when sounds made in the front of the oral cavity are made in the back (ex. Cat to Cac)

Is it more common to front or back

front

There is a strong link between phonological awareness and literacy

true

When an SLP says that a child is stimulable on the /l/ sound, they mean

the child is able to repeat the sound after some instruction and will be able to learn it rather easily

Name an articulation test

Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation

What phonological test goes along with the Goldman-Fristoe

Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis

How intelligible is a typically developing 3-4 year old

75-90%

What are the stages in the (Van Riper) traditional articulation approach

auditory training, elicitation of the sound, stabilization fo the sound, carry-over, and maintenance

What is literacy

being able to read and write

The foundations for literacy begin developing very early

true

Literacy is a functional activity

true

Describe literacy awareness at a college level

developing a well rounded view of the world

Why would an SLP be concerned about a 2 year old with a syntax difficulty

it corresponds most closely to literacy outcomes

What are the five domains of language

phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics

What are the four modalities of language

listening, speaking, reading, writing

Vocabulary is a critical factor in reading comprehension and written expression

true

What are some ways to measure vocabulary in a school aged child

vocab tests and calculating the total number of different words

What is a tier one vocabulary word

a word that does not require teaching

Give an example of a tier one vocabulary word

sit

What is a tier two vocabulary word

a word that is not said by everyone, but is said by multiple people

Give an example of a tier two vocabulary word

summary

What is a tier three vocabulary word

a word that is specific to one category

Give an example of a tier three vocabulary word

hypothesis

What is an example of a pragmatic rule a child must learn to be successful in class

raise your hand before speaking

Describe the writing process

prewriting, writing, revising

What skills are required for revising writing

metalinguistic skills

Define lexicon

the size of someones mental libraries

Two word utterances are considered syntactic

false

How old is someone when their written language is more complex than their spoken language

12-14 years old (middle school/junior high age)

How are lingual palatals produced

the tongue contacts the hard palate

What sounds are lingual palatals

/ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, r, j/

What phoneme is a glottal

"h"

What is a cognate

two sounds that are the same, but one is voiced and the other is unvoiced

Give examples of cognates

/t/ and /d/; /f/ and /v/; /s/ and /z/

Describe the /t/ sound

lingual alveolar, stop, unvoiced

Describe the /d/ sound

lingual alveolar, stop, voiced

Describe the /f/ sound

labiodental, fricative, unvoiced

Describe the /v/ sound

labiodental, fricative, voiced

Describe the /s/ sound

lingual alveolar, fricative, unvoiced

Describe the /z/ sound

lingual alveolar, fricative, voiced

Vowels have a component of nasality

false

What is it called when one sound influences another sound

assimilation or co-articulation

Diphthongs are two vowels blended together

true

At what age is the /m/ sound developed

3 years old

At what age is the /k/ sound developed

4 years old

At what age is the /v/ sound developed

5 years old

Give an example of reduplicated babbling

ba ba ba ba ba

Give an example of variegated babbling

ba la ka ja ma

Before producing real words, children go through reduplicated babbling, then variegated babbling, and jargon

true

At what age do kids say their first real word

12 months

At 15 months old, how many words should a child have

15