Normal CSD Final Exam Review

A lexicon increases over a lifetime - True

All languages have rules on how to put words together into sentences - True

What is syntax - Word order

What does MLU stand for - Mean Length of Utterance

Describe how an SLP obtains an MLU - They observe a child in their natural environment for about one hour. Then, they transcribe the utterances and calculate the morphemes per utterance. Finally, divide the total morphemes by the total utterances for the MLU.

What is a derivational morpheme - changes the grammatical categories of words

Give an example of a derivational morpheme - Bake to baker

An MLU is a relatively good language predictor for children ages 1-5 - True

Make a sentence using the present progressive - I am going to the store.; He is swimming.

Make a sentence using a preposition - He crawled under the desk.

Make a sentence using the plural “s” - I like dogs.

Make a sentence using an irregular past tense - I broke the vase.

What percentage of kindergarteners exhibit an SLI - 7%

What are speech sound disorders - problems producing sounds in speech (encompasses Childhood Apraxia of Speech, articulation disorders, and phonological processes impairment)

What are articulation disorders - problems producing speech sounds in motor movement

What is Childhood Apraxia of Speech - problems motor planning

What is phonological processes impairment - challenges with the speech sound system of language (the rules of language)

Children with solely an articulation disorder are usually unintelligible - false

Describe porosity - the intonation and change in voice (rate, volume, pitch)

The “n” in bunny is prevocalic, intervocalic, or postvocalic - intervocalic

How are consonants described - by position to vowels

Give an example of a stop - /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

Describe how a fricative is made - turbulent air is constricted

Give an example of a fricative - /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /h/ /th/ (voiced and unvoiced) /sh/ /zh/

What are the two affricates - /ch/ /j/

What makes up an affricate - a stop and a fricative put together

What makes nasal sounds unique - they are all voiced and go through the nasal cavity (/m/ /n/ /ng/)

How are glides produced - the sound starts in one position and glides to another (/w/ /j/)

What sounds are liquids - /l/ /r/

What sounds are bilabial - /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ (/W/ is bilabial to lingual velar)

What sounds are labiodental - /f/ /v/

What does labial mean - lips

What does dental mean - teeth

How are interdentals produced - they are fricatives produced with part of the tongue between the teeth

What are lingual alveolars - /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /l/ /n/

What is fronting - when sounds made in the back of the oral cavity are made in the front (ex. Cat to tat)

What is backing - when sounds made in the front of the oral cavity are made in the back (ex. Cat to cac)

Is it more common to front or back - front

There is a strong link between phonological awareness and literacy - true

When an SLP says that a child is stimulable on the /l/ sound, they mean - the child is able to repeat the sound after some instruction and will be able to learn it rather easily

Name an articulation test - Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation

What phonological test goes along with the Goldman-Fristoe - Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis

How intelligible is a typically developing 3-4 year old - 75-90%

What are the stages in the (Van Riper) traditional articulation approach - auditory training, elicitation of the sound, stabilization fo the sound, carry-over, and maintenance

What is literacy - being able to read and write

The foundations for literacy begin developing very early - true

Literacy is a functional activity - true

Describe literacy awareness at a college level - developing a well rounded view of the world

Why would an SLP be concerned about a 2 year old with a syntax difficulty - it corresponds most closely to literacy outcomes

What are the five domains of language - phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics

What are the four modalities of language - listening, speaking, reading, writing

Vocabulary is a critical factor in reading comprehension and written expression - true

What are some ways to measure vocabulary in a school aged child - vocab tests and calculating the total number of different words

What is a tier one vocabulary word - a word that does not require teaching

Give an example of a tier one vocabulary word - sit

What is a tier two vocabulary word - a word that is not said by everyone, but is said by multiple people

Give an example of a tier two vocabulary word - summary

What is a tier three vocabulary word - a word that is specific to one category

Give an example of a tier three vocabulary word - hypothesis

What is an example of a pragmatic rule a child must learn to be successful in class - raise your hand before speaking

Describe the writing process - prewriting, writing, revising

What skills are required for revising writing - metalinguistic skills

Define lexicon - the size of someone’s mental libraries

Two word utterances are considered syntactic - false

How old is someone when their written language is more complex than their spoken language - 12-14 years old (middle school/junior high age)

How are lingual palatals produced - the tongue contacts the hard palate

What sounds are lingual palatals - /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, r, j/

What phoneme is a glottal - “h”

What is a cognate - two sounds that are the same, but one is voiced and the other is unvoiced

Give examples of cognates - /t/ and /d/; /f/ and /v/; /s/ and /z/

Describe the /t/ sound - lingual alveolar, stop, unvoiced

Describe the /d/ sound - lingual alveolar, stop, voiced

Describe the /f/ sound - labiodental, fricative, unvoiced

Describe the /v/ sound - labiodental, fricative, voiced

Describe the /s/ sound - lingual alveolar, fricative, voiced

Describe the /z/ sound - lingual alveolar, fricative, unvoiced

Vowels have a component of nasality - false

What is it called when one sound influences another sound - assimilation or co-articulation

Diphthongs are two vowels blended together - true

At what age is the /m/ sound developed - 3 years old

At what age is the /k/ sound developed - 4 years old

At what age is the /v/ sound developed - 5 years old

Give an example of reduplicated babbling - ba ba ba ba ba

Give an example of variegated babbling - ba la ka ja ma

Before producing real words, children go through reduplicated babbling, then variegated babbling, and jargon - true

At what age do kids say their first real word - 12 months

At 15 months old, how many words should a child have - 15