hell in flashcard form

NATO

An association of peace loving states attempting to slow down the Soviet Union.

Marshall Plan

America is paying to rebuild Europe after WWII. America told countries to find a way to rebuild their countries and if they did, America would fund it.

HUAC

The House Committee on Un-American Activities. They investigated threats of subversion and propaganda that attacked the US government.

De facto segregation

Racial separation caused by social conditions.

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations. This is a direct reaction to NATO.

De jure segregation

Racial segregation by law.

Federal Civil Defense Administration

This group would hand out flyers, plans, posters, etc. explaining how to survive a nuclear bomb - would give schools plans on how to prepare for it.

Collective Security

A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.

Federal Employee Loyalty Program

This program has all new hires for the government to be investigated.

Berlin Airlift

Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Act that Johnson passed that JFK could not. This prohibited the use of discrimination based on race, religion, and gender.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

This Act eliminated literacy tests and other forms of barriers for blacks to vote.

Filibuster

A procedural practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue.

Cloture

A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate.

24th Amendment

This outlawed the poll tax.

March on Washington

Held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream" speech.

Selma

This is where a march was held in protest of blacks not being able to vote. There are 2 marches: the first the protesters were beaten; the second they had US government protection.

Executive Order

A rule issued by the president that has the force of law.

Housing Act of 1961

JFK passed this to put money toward fixing the old run-down ghettos.

Equal Pay Act

This law made sure that people doing the same job got paid the same amount of money.

Lyndon B. Johnson

This man is JFK's vice president. He becomes president after JFK is assassinated.

Jack Ruby

This man killed Lee Harvey Oswald.

Lee Harvey Oswald

This man assassinated JFK.

Byron de la Beckwith

This man killed Medgar Evers. Found innocent in the first trial. Found guilty 30 years later.

Everett Dirksen

LBJ called this man and he came up with the cloture to cancel the filibuster.

Medgar Evers

Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks; he was murdered in his driveway by Byron de la Beckwith.

Yuri Gagarin

First man in space.

Alan Shepard

First American in space.

John Glenn

First American to orbit the earth.

Neil Armstrong

First man to walk on the moon.

James Earl Ray

This man assassinated MLK.

Ethel & Julius Rosenberg

American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage, related to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.

Wallace D. Fard Muhammad

Founder of the Nation of Islam.

Malcolm Little

Radical Militant Voice; joined the Nation of Islam in jail, preached Black Nationalism; created Muslim Mosque Inc.; changed his name to Malcolm X.

Sirhan Sirhan

Killer of Robert F. Kennedy.

Dean Acheson

Former secretary of state who gave a speech about countries that the US would protect and did not mention South Korea.

Elijah Muhammad

Considered the Prophet of the Nation of Islam. Second in command.

Eugene McCarthy

1968 Democratic candidate for President who ran against RFK for the Democratic nomination.

George Kennan

This man created containment. A US diplomat in USSR.

Alger Hiss

A former State Department official accused of being a Communist spy and convicted of perjury.

Walton Walker

Original leader of the US 8th Army.

William Perl

Aeronautic scientist who gave Soviets results of highly secret tests for jet engines.

Harry White

The second most important man in the US treasury.

Jiang Jieshi

Chinese nationalist leader who was pro-American and lost to Mao Zedong.

Lauchlin Currie

Close personal assistant of FDR who warned the Soviets about FBI investigations.

Deterrence

The policy of making power of it and its allies so strong that no enemy would attack in fear of retaliation.

Gregory Silvermaster

Top Soviet spy in the US, head of the Soviet espionage ring.

Brinksmanship

The art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping.

Maurice Halperin

Head of research at the office of strategic services who gave pages of diplomatic cables to the Soviets.

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite that went into outer space.

Orval Faubus

Arkansas governor who called out the National Guard to prevent nine black students from entering Little Rock's Central High School under federal court order.

Freedom Rides

A test to the southern states to see if they would obey a new court ruling.

sit-in

Nonviolent protests in which a person sits down and refuses to leave.

Ross Barnett

Governor of Mississippi who tried to prevent James Meredith from entering Ole Miss.

Anniston, Alabama

The first stop of the freedom ride where the riders were attacked by civilians.

Boynton v. Virginia

This banned segregation in interstate travel. This started the freedom rides.

Jackson State College

This is where James Meredith went before Ole Miss.

Fred Shuttlesworth

The leader of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights who invited MLK to Birmingham.

Eugene 'Bull' Connor

Birmingham's police deputy who was super harsh toward protesters.

Interstate Commerce Commission

Says any interstate commission segregation is prohibited in all ways, giving jurisdiction to the Federal Government.

Cominform

Agency intended to coordinate the activities of communist parties around the world.

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Muslim Mosque, Inc.

Organization Malcolm X created because of his disagreement with Elijah Muhammad's teachings.

Cold War

The competition that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world.

Security Council

Made up of five permanent members (US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN.

Iron Curtain

A term made by Winston Churchill describing the political barrier isolating Eastern Europe after WWII.

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world.

General Assembly

Every country has a seat in this part of the UN.

Satellite Nation

A country dominated politically and economically by the Soviet Union.

Black Panthers

A militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites.

VISTA

Sends volunteers to help people in poor communities.

Medicaid

Provides low cost health insurance coverage to poor Americans of any age who cannot afford their own health insurance.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; challenged segregation laws in the courtroom.

Ronald Reagan

Career started because of the Goldwater campaign; becomes president in 1980.

Integration

The mixing of races.

Great Society

LBJ's series of issues that he wanted to fix, including education, medical care for the elderly, and economic development.

Head Start

A preschool program for kids from low income families that provides health care and meals.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Founder of the SCLC and leader of the Civil Rights movement.

Kim Il Sung

Communist leader of North Korea who worked with Mao Zedong and Stalin against South Korea.

Syngman Rhee

Leader of South Korea who worked with America to defend South Korea against North Korea.

Joseph McCarthy

Created McCarthyism, exposing alleged communist influence in America.

Inchon

Site of the amphibious landing in North Korea during the Korean War.

Henry David Thoreau

An advocate of civil disobedience who influenced King.

John Foster Dulles

Told everyone at a meeting in India that the US was ready to use atomic weapons during the Korean War.

Phyllis Schlafly

Wrote "A choice not an Echo" and later became a political conservative activist.

Douglas MacArthur

Commander in Chief of the United Nations Command during the Korean War; fired by Truman.

SNCC

Civil rights group comprised only of students.

Mathew Ridgway

Replaced General Walker as leader of the US 8th Army and later replaced MacArthur.

Richard Nixon

Ran against JFK in the 1960 election; lost the first presidential debate on TV.

Ku Klux Klan

A group that wanted to inflict damage on black leaders and had hate for many others.

Pusan

The city in the Korean War where the Pusan perimeter was created to protect incoming American supplies.