hell in flashcard form

NATO

An association of peace loving states attempting to slow down the Soviet Union

Marshall Plan

America is paying to rebuild Europe after WWII. America told countries to find a way to rebuild their countries and if they did America would fund it.

HUAC

The House Committee on Un-American Activities. Thy investigated threats of subversion and propaganda that attacked the US government

De facto segregation

Racial separation caused by social conditions.

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations. This is a direct reaction to NATO

De jure segregation

Racial segregation by law

Federal Civil Defense Administration

This group would hand out flyers, plans, posters, etc explaining how to survive a nuclear bomb - would give schools plans on how to prepare for it.

Collective Security

A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

Federal Employee Loyalty Program

This program has all new hires for the government to be investigated

Berlin Airlift

Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Act that Johnson passed that JFK could not. This prohibited the use of discrimination based on race, religion, and gender

Voting Rights Act of 1965

This Act eliminated literacy tests and other forms of barriers for blacks to vote.

Filibuster

A procedural practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue.

Cloture

A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate.

24th Amendment

This outlawed the poll tax

March on Washington

held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream speech"

Selma

This is where a march was held in protest of blacks not being able to vote there. There are 2 marches: the first the protesters were beat the second they had US government protection

Executive Order

A rule issued by the president that has the force of law

Housing Act of 1961

JFK passed this to put money toward fixing the old run down ghettos

Equal Pay Act

This law made sure that people doing the same job got paid the same amount of money

Lyndon B. Johnson

This man is JFK's vice president. He becomes president after JFK is assassinated.

Jack Ruby

This man killed Lee Harvey Oswald

Lee Harvey Oswald

This man assassinated JFK

Byron de la Beckwith

This man killed Medgar Evers. Found innocent in the first trial. Found guilty 30 years later

Everett Dirksen

LBJ called this man and he came up with the cloture to cancel the filibuster

Medgar Evers

Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks, he was murdered in his driveway by Byron de la Beckwith

Yuri Gagarin

First man in space

Alan Shepard

First American in space

John Glenn

first American to orbit the earth

Neil Armstrong

first man to walk on the moon

James Earl Ray

This man assassinated MLK

Ethel & Julius Rosenberg

American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.

Wallace D. Fard Muhammad

Founder of the Nation of Islam

Malcolm Little

Radical Militant Voice; joined the Nation of Islam in jail and preached Black Nationalism for them for 12 years; started getting a bad reputation and left the organization; created his own called Muslim Mosque Inc.; changed his ways; shot 16 times in 1965. Changed his name to Malcolm X

Sirhan Sirhan

Killer of Robert F. Kennedy

Dean Acheson

Former secretary of state who gave a speech about countries that the US would protect and did not say South Korea.

Elijah Muhammad

Considered the Prophet of the nation of Islam. Second in command

Eugene McCarthy

1968 Democratic candidate for President who ran against RFK for the Democratic nomination

George Kennan

This man created containment. A US diplomat in USSR

Alger Hiss

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury.

Walton Walker

Original leader of the US 8th army

William Perl

Aeronautic scientist who gave soviets results of highly secret tests for jet engines: aircraft

Harry White

The second most important man in the US treasury

Jiang Jieshi

Chinese nationalist leader who was pro American and lost to Mao Zedong

Lauchlin Currie

Close personal assistant with FDR who warned the Soviets about FBI investigations

Deterrence

The policy of making power of it and its allies so strong that no enemy would attack in fear of retaliation

Gregory Silvermaster

Top Soviet spy in the US. Head of the Soviet espionage ring

Brinksmanship

The art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping

Maurice Halperin

Head of research at the office of strategic services who gave pages of diplomatic cables to the soviets

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite that went into outer space

Orval Faubus

Arkansas governor who called out the National Guard to prevent nine black students from entering Little Rock's Central High School under federal court order.

Freedom Rides

A test to the southern states to see if they will obey a new court hearing

sit-in

nonviolent protests in which a person sits down and refuses to leave

Ross Barnett

Governor of Mississippi who tried to prevent James Meredith from entering Ole Miss.

Anniston, Alabama

The first stop of the freedom ride where the riders got beat because the civilians slashed the tires and threw a Molotov in the bus

Boynton v. Virginia

This banned segregation in interstate travel. This started the freedom rides.

Jackson State College

This is where James Meredith went before Ole Miss

Fred Shuttlesworth

The leader of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. He invited MLK to Birmingham

Eugene "Bull" Connor

Birmingham's police deputy who was super harsh toward protesters

Interstate Commerce Commission

Says any interstate commission segregation is prohibited in all ways. This gives jurisdiction to the Federal Government.

Cominform

agency intended to coordinate the activities of communist parties around the world

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. This has no power and does not do much. Made up of a general assembly and security council

Muslim Mosque, Inc.

organization Malcolm X created because of his disagreement with Elijah Muhammad's teachings

Cold War

The competition that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world.

Security Council

This is made up of five permanent members( US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN.

Iron Curtain

A term made by Winston Churchill used to describe the political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

General Assembly

Every country has a seat in this part of the UN

Satellite Nation

A country that is dominated politically and economically by the Soviet Union.

Black Panthers

A militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites

VISTA

Sends volunteers to help people in poor communities

Medicaid

Provides low cost health insurance coverage to poor Americans of any age who cannot afford their own health insurance.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Spent most of their time challenging segregation laws in the courtroom.

Ronald Reagan

Career started because of the Goldwater campaign. Originally a democrat and became a republican. Becomes president in 1980.

Integration

The mixing of races

Great Society

LBJ's series of issues that he wanted to fix: Aid to education, medical care for the elderly, eliminate poverty, voting rights, conservation and beautification projects, urban renewal, and economic development in depressed areas.

Head Start

A preschool program for kids from low income families that provides health care and meals

Martin Luther King Jr.

Founder of the SCLC. An African American clergyman. Leader of the Civil Rights movement

Kim Il Sung

Communist leader of North Korea who works with Mao Zedong and Stalin to beat the South Koreans.

Syngman Rhee

Leader of South Korea who works with America to defend South Korea and beat North Korea.

Joseph McCarthy

A 2 term republican senator from Wisconsin. He creates McCarthyism which is an aggressive exposure of communist influence in America. He accused many people of being communist.

Inchon

Where the amphibious landing in North Korea during the Korean war happened

Henry David Thoreau

One of King's influences. An advocate of civil disobedience. This man did not pay taxes because he did not support a war that his taxes would have funded. Went to jail and wrote a book about it.

John Foster Dulles

Tells everyone at the meeting in India that the US is ready to use atomic weapons during the Korean War when Eisenhower becomes president

Phyllis Schlafly

Wrote "A choice not an Echo" later became a political conservative activist

Douglas MacArthur

Commander in Chief of the United Nations Command during the Korean War. Fired by Truman

SNCC

Civil rights group comprised only with students

Mathew Ridgway

replaced General walker as the leader of the US 8th Army and later replaces MacArthur

Richard Nixon

Ran against JFK in the 1960 election for president. Lost to JFK. Lost the first presidential debate on TV due to his appearance

Ku Klux Klan

This group wanted to inflict damage to black leaders. Also has hate for Catholics, Jews, Homosexuals (pretty much anyone who's not a Southern White Protesetant)

Pusan

The city in the Korean War where the Pusan perimeter was created around to protect incoming American supplies