Pharmacology of NSAIDs

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the pharmacology of NSAIDs, including mechanisms of action, effects, and adverse reactions.

What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin in relation to COX enzymes?

Aspirin causes irreversible acetylation of serine residues in COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

The cardinal signs are heat (calor), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa).

What is the role of COX-1 in the gastric epithelium?

COX-1 promotes mucus and bicarbonate ion secretion, helping maintain the integrity of the gastric lining.

What distinguishes COX-2 from COX-1 in terms of expression?

COX-2 is inducible in peripheral tissues, whereas COX-1 is constitutive and is present ubiquitously.

What is a major adverse effect associated with non-selective COX inhibitors?

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and gastric ulceration.

What is the effect of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) on cardiovascular health?

It has been proven to be cardioprotective due to its anti-platelet effect.

What are eicosanoids?

Eicosanoids include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, which are major mediators of the inflammatory response.

What is the significance of acetaminophen being classified as an NSAID?

Acetaminophen has analgesic and antipyretic properties but has negligible anti-inflammatory effects.

What are the potential complications of using COX-2 inhibitors?

Myocardial infarctions, renal papillary necrosis, and peripheral edema.

Why should aspirin be avoided in children with viral infections?

Aspirin can lead to Reye's syndrome, which involves severe liver damage.