Substance Related Disorders and Psychological Disorders

This set of flashcards covers critical concepts, criteria, and causes associated with substance-related disorders and various psychological disorders, as outlined in the lecture notes.

What are the criteria for substance-related disorders?

Criteria include taking more than intended, persistent desire to control use, time spent obtaining substances, cravings, failure to fulfill obligations, continued use despite problems, giving up activities, risky use, tolerance, and withdrawal.

What is a primary characteristic of depressants?

They primarily decrease CNS activity, leading to relaxation.

What is considered heavy alcohol use for men?

14 drinks in a week, more than 4 drinks on two or more occasions in a month, or 2 drinks a day.

What is the prevalence of alcohol use among adults?

52% of adults report drinking alcohol at least once per month.

What are stimulants commonly consumed in the US?

Common stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamines.

What are the effects of opiates?

Opiates induce euphoria, drowsiness, and slowed breathing.

What psychological cause is associated with substance use?

Positive reinforcement through dopamine received when using substances.

What is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?

A combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and eastern philosophy used effectively for treating borderline personality disorder.

How do genetic influences relate to substance use disorders?

Data from familial and twin studies suggest a genetic predisposition to alcohol use and difficulties.

What characterizes antisocial personality disorder?

Presence of conduct disorder before age 15 and a continuation of such behaviors into adulthood.

What are examples of positive symptoms in schizophrenia?

Positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.

What is the duration required for a schizophrenia diagnosis according to DSM-5?

Continuous signs of disturbance must persist for at least 6 months.

What role does stress play in the development of schizophrenia?

Stress can worsen symptoms and increase vulnerability in individuals predisposed to schizophrenia.

What is psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)?

The study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems.

How can psychological factors influence cancer progression?

Increased stress can lead to decreased immune function, affecting cancer outcomes.

What is one treatment option for chronic pain?

Biofeedback is used to help patients learn to control bodily responses.