Lecture Notes on Neurological Dysfunction: Head Injuries and Increased Intracranial Pressure

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on neurological dysfunction related to head injuries and increased intracranial pressure.

What are the three components of the skull that influence intracranial pressure?

Brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?

0 – 15 mmHg.

What is the Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis?

The hypothesis states that the three components (brain tissue, blood, and CSF) must remain at a relatively constant volume within the closed skull structure.

What are the signs and symptoms of Increased Intracranial Pressure (IICP)?

Headache, changes in level of consciousness (LOC), and pupil responsiveness.

What does Cushing’s Triad indicate?

It indicates increased intracranial pressure and is characterized by hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations.

What are the complications associated with Increased Intracranial Pressure (IICP)?

Ischemia, infarction, and poor prognosis.

What is the primary cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.

What is the hallmark symptom of meningitis?

Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia.

What type of seizures are characterized by uncontrolled electrical discharges of neurons?

Seizures.

What is status epilepticus?

A life-threatening condition where the brain is in a state of persistent seizure for over 5 minutes.