1. Article III – Bill of Rights (1987 Philippine Constitution) Summary

Comprehensive practice questions covering the key sections and legal protections of the Bill of Rights from the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

What is the definition and purpose of the Bill of Rights?

A part of the Constitution that lists fundamental rights and freedoms, protecting people from unfair treatment and abuse of power by the government to ensure justice, equality, and protection.

What does Section 1 of the Bill of Rights guarantee regarding due process and equal protection?

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Under Section 2, what is required for a search warrant or warrant of arrest to be issued?

It requires probable cause determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and witnesses, particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

What is the Exclusionary Rule as stated in Section 3-2?

Any evidence obtained in violation of Section 2 or 3 (unreasonable searches/seizures or violation of privacy of communication) shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

Which specific rights are protected under Section 4 (Freedom of Expression)?

Freedom of speech, of expression, of the press, and the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

According to Section 5, what is the prohibition regarding religion?

No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and no religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.

Under Section 6, what are the legal grounds for impairing the right to travel?

It can be impaired only in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.

What does Section 7 provide regarding the right to information?

Citizens have the right to access official records, transactions, decisions, and government research data on matters of public concern, subject to legal limitations.

What is the rule on Eminent Domain under Section 9?

Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

Does poverty affect access to courts under Section 11?

No, free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.

Who is exempted from the right to bail under Section 13?

Persons charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong.

Under Section 18, when is involuntary servitude permitted?

Only as a punishment for a crime whereof the party has been duly convicted.

What are the rules regarding the Death Penalty under Section 19?

It shall not be imposed unless Congress provides for it for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes; any death penalty already imposed reduces automatically to reclusion perpetua.

Is imprisonment allowed for unpaid debt according to Section 20?

No, no person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

What is the concept of Double Jeopardy in Section 21?

It protects an individual from being tried twice for the same legal offense.

What two legal enactments are prohibited by Section 22?

Ex post facto law and bill of attainder.