Social 20 Final Review

WTO

The initials of the international body established in 1995 to foster and bring order to international trade.

Collective Consiousness

Internal awareness shared by many people.

French Revolution

a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789

Estates General

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.

1st Estate

Clergy

2nd Estate

Nobles

3rd Estate

Commoners

Ancien Regime

old order; system of government in pre-revolution France

Feudal System

A political and social system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services

Declaration of Rights of Man

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

Constitutional Monarchy

A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution.

Robespierre

A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial.

Reign of Terror

This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed.

Napoleon

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

Napoleonic Code

A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon

Jacobins

Political Group (extremists :Robespierre, Danton and Marat)

Girodins

Political Group (moderate)

International Law

a body of rules established by custom or treaty and recognized by nations as binding in their relations with one another.

International Law of the Sea

Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.

Isolationism

Country opts out of national affairs Ex: Japan

Unilateralism

Support of one sided actions Ex:U.S

Bilateralism

Relations between two states Ex: Acid rain agreement with Canada and U.S

Multilateralism

Having many sides, involving more than two parties Ex:UN

Supranationalism

Power given to the authority higher than the state Ex: EU

Internationalism

involvement in world affairs

NATO

North Atlantic Trade Organization :

Peacekeepers Need:

Consent, Impartiality, Only force for Self-Defence

Kyoto Protocol

International agreement to reduce ghg emissions of countries

Tied Aid

Help that is given with strings attached

Collective Security

Protecting all members of a group from danger

Economic Sanctions

Cutting off trade from a country to force action

Global Village

the world considered as a single community linked by telecommunications.

Voluntary Balkanization

Voluntary separation of people into isolated groups

European Union

an association of European nations formed in 1993 for the purpose of achieving political and economic integration.

UN

Maintain global peace and security and address humanitarian concerns

IMF

Monetary Fund: global financial stability and reduce poverty

NAFTA

North American free trade agreement

Triple Alliance

Italy -Orlando (Ottoman Empire )

Germany- Kaiser ( ambitions to make leading power )

Austria-Hungary- Joseph

Triple Entente

France- Clemenceau( Powerful republic)

Britain-King Lloyd George(largest empire)

Russia-Tsar( large population)

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

MAIN causes of WWI

Militarism

glorification of the military

Treaty Of Versailles

Blamed Germany for war and were forced to be demilitarized , pay reparations , army reduced , Union with Austria forbidden

Cambodia Genocide

Pol Pot- Khmer Rouge kill all with education (ethnic cleansing )

Pearl Harbor

Japan bombed U.S bringing them into war

Attack on Hiroshima

U.S bombed Japan so Japan sought peace

Crimes Against Humanity

a deliberate act, typically as part of a systematic campaign, that causes human suffering or death on a large scale.

Genocide

Mass Killing of groups based on race or religion and ethnicity

War Crimes

an action carried out during the conduct of a war that violates accepted international rules of war.

Quiet Revolution

A period of rapid change experienced in Québec from 1960 to 1966.

Official Languages Act

the Act that states that French and English are Canada's official languages, and that all federal institutions must provide services in English and French

The Indian Act

Gave federal gov't control over every aspect of the lives of the First Nations

1995 Quebec Referendum

Quebec voted on separation

La Francophonie

Organization representing countries where French is the first language

UNESCO

UN educational scientific and cultural : preserving the past

Bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Storming of the Bastille

Destruction of the prison seen as the true start of the French Revolution.

Contending Loyalties

Loyalties that compete. People sometimes need to choose among various loyalties based on their commitment to those loyalties.