EPHE 141 Lab Nervous Quiz #2

what are the left and right sides of the brain called?

hemispheres

what is the main portion of the brain called?

cerebrum

what is the outermost portion of the brain called (composed of gray matter)?

cerebral cortex

what are the elevated ridges on the cerebrum called?

gyri (sing= gyrus)

what are the shallow grooves in the cerebrum called?

sulci (sing= sulcus)

what are the deeper grooves in the cerebrum called?

fissures

what functions is the frontal lobe responsible for?

decision making, voluntary motor control, planning, concentration, personality (includes primary motor cortex)

what functions is the parietal lobe responsible for?

sensory functions, includes primary somatosensory cortex

what functions is the temporal lobe responsible for?

auditory and olfactory

what function is the occipital lobe responsible for?

vision

what is the insula lobe responsible for?

emotional responses, empathy, taste interpretation

what does the primary motor cortex do and what is another name for it?

responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle, also called the precentral gyrus

what does the primary somatosensory cortex do and what is another name for it?

responsible for conscious perception of touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature and taste. Also called the postcentral gyrus

what lobes does the lateral sulcus separate?

lies between the temporal lobe and the frontal and parietal lobes in the transverse plane

what lobes does the central sulcus separate?

lies between the frontal and parietal lobes in the coronal plane

what functions is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?

performing complicated learning and reasoning, integrating information from sensory association, providing emotional context, motivation, planning, decision making, etc.

what is the name of the separation between the left and right brain?

longitudinal fissure

what lobe is responsible for auditory and olfactory function?

temporal lobe

what lobe is responsible for vision?

occipital lobe

what lobe is responsible for sensory functions?

parietal lobe

function and composition of the corpus callosum

composed of white matter, links right and left hemispheres

function of the cerebellum

subconscious control of posture and coordination of movements

what area of the brain processes visual and auditory information?

the nuclei of the midbrain

function of the nuclei of the midbrain

processing auditory and visual information

function and location of the medulla oblongata

lowest portion of the brainstem / connects brain to SC, regulates heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure

function of the pons

involuntary control of respiration

function of the hypothalamus

control of involuntary somatic activities and autonomic function, coordination of nervous and endocrine systems, secretion of hormones, temperature regulation

function of the thalamus

filters a small portion of arriving sensory information (relay station)

cranial nerve I

• olfactory

• sensory

• smell

cranial nerve II

• optic

• sensory

• vision

cranial nerve III

• oculomotor

• motor

• eye movements

cranial nerve IV

• trochlear

• motor

• eye movements

cranial nerve V

• trigeminal

• both motor and sensory

• major sensory nerve of face

cranial nerve VI

• abducens

• motor

• eye movements

cranial nerve VII

• facial

• both motor and sensory

• major motor nerve for muscles of facial expression

cranial nerve VIII

• vestibulocochlear

• sensory

• equilibrium and hearing

cranial nerve IX

• glossopharyngeal

• both motor and sensory

• oral cavity, pharynx, middle ear

cranial nerve X

• vagus

• both motor and sensory

• parasympathetic innervation

cranial nerve XI

• accessory

• motor

• muscles of head and neck

cranial nerve XII

• hypoglossal

• motor

• muscles of tongue

number of olfactory cranial nerve

I

number of optic cranial nerve

II

number of oculomotor cranial nerve

III

number of trochlear cranial nerve

IV

number of trigeminal cranial nerve

V

number of abducens cranial nerve

VI

number of facial cranial nerve

VII

number of vestibulocochlear cranial nerve

VIII

number of glossopharyngeal cranial nerve

IX

number of vagus nerve

X

number of accessory cranial nerve

XI

number of hypoglossal cranial nerve

XII

another name for the sympathetic division of the nervous system

thoracolumbar division

another name for the parasympathetic division of the nervous system

craniosacral division

location of sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons

lateral grey horns of spinal segments T1-L2

location of sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons

near spinal cord at the sympathetic chain (paravertebral) or collateral (prevertebral) ganglion

characteristics of pre-ganglionic fibres

short, myelinated, release ACh

characteristics of sympathetic post-ganglionic fibres

long, unmyelinated, release NE

location of parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons

brainstem and lateral gray matter of S2-S4

location of parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons

at or near effector organ

• intramural = within the walls of the target organ

• terminal = near but not in

characteristics of parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibres

long, myelinated, release ACh

characteristics of parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibres

short, unmyelinated, release ACh

characteristics and location of the pia mater

innermost layer of the meninges, highly vascularized and delicate

characteristics and location of the arachnoid mater

middle layer of the meninges, has web like threads on its deep side that connect to the pia mater through the subarachnoid space

characteristics and location of the dura mater

superficial layer of the meninges, has two layers:

• Meningeal layer

• Periosteal layer

what is grey matter composed of?

neural cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

what is white matter composed of?

myelinated axons