HL ppt3- effects of HL on speech, language and literacy

Expect children with congenital or pre-lingual hearing loss to have three main

difficulties with speech:

segmental errors, suprasegmental errors, overall intelligibility issues

segmental errors are errors in

speech sounds

suprasegmental errors are errors in

errors in speech rhythm, and prosody, the pitch,

rate, intensity, and duration imposed on phonemes and words

greater residual hearing =

fewer speech errors

you can expect less errors in the following instances:

(6)

1. early identification of HL

2. amplification was fitted early and worn often

3. child is motivated

4. child is immersed in language

5. intervention services received early in life

6. no other disabilities are present

why do Children with more residual hearing and/or better who benefit from amplification have less errors in speech, language, and literacy

because they can hear the words spoken to them,

suprasegmentals (begin to imitate it), and coarticulation productions (hear others make them & hear themselves make them).

Children with hearing loss will have normal speech at 9 months of age when they canonical babble,

then after this their speech will begin to look ____________

very delayed

Common Segmental Errors for Those with Significant Loss:

(2)

1. decreased coarticulation of sounds

2. characteristic vowel problems

with Common Segmental Errors for Those with Significant Loss, list some characteristic vowel problems:

(5)

neutralization, substitution, diphthongization, prolongations, nasalization

what is neutralization

when they keep their tongue in the middle of their mouth instead of moving it front

to back when saying vowel sound

what is substitution

when they substitute vowels for other vowels

what is diphthongization

changing vowels into diphthongs because they dont hear their vocalizations well and dont know where their tongue goes

what is prolongations

when they drag vowels out

what is nasalization

when they have sound escaping from the nose when it should be coming out of their mouth

with segmental errors, list some characteristic consonant problems:

(6)

1. Consonants seen on the face are easier to learn & produce

2. Voiced/voiceless confusion

3. substitutions

4. omissions

5. distortions

6. consonant cluster errors

suprasegmental errors include errors in...

stress, rate, coarticulation, breath, rhythm, amplitude fluctuations

When listening to children with significant hearing loss, their speech often sounds....

(7)

slow, pausing, too loud or soft, pitch too high or variable, incorrect stress, poor voice quality, co-articulate phonemes in isolation

what does language form refer to

how we put language together

common errors in language form consist of:

(5)

simple sentence structure, overuse of nouns and verbs, omit be verbs or function words, rarely use/omit morphemes, poor understanding of complex sentence structure

what does language content refer to

the actual words in language and what they mean

___________of language is delayed in children with hearing loss due to their limited

vocabulary

Content

Content of language is delayed in children with hearing loss due to their limited _________

vocabulary

common errors in language content include:

(4)

1. limited vocab/difficulty understanding anything abstract

2. cannot identify synonyms, antonyms, idioms

hard time understanding multiple meanings of words

3. learn more concrete than abstract words

pragmatics refers to

use of language in social interactions

common errors of language pragmatics include:

(3)

use language inappropriately/incorrectly, inappropriate questions, poor social communications

with pragmatics, poor social communication includes:

lack of initiation skills, absence of comm breakdown repair, poor turn-taking, difficult time expressing that they heard the message, sometimes change convo topic at the wrong time

Why children with HL cannot develop

appropriate pragmatic skills:

(5)

unfamiliar with language structures, reduced vocab, few conversational partners, unable to overhear convos, lack of instruction rules of comm

reasons for literacy deficits:

(3)

restricted language system, inability to decode language, lack worldly knowledge

Common problems in writing are very similar to common problems in ________ for

children with hearing loss

language

common problems with writing:

(5)

1. Rarely use complex sentences in their spoken language

2. Rarely use synonyms, antonyms, and metaphors

3. Omit articles and produce errors in pronouns & bound morphemes

4. have trouble using be- verbs

5. Difficulty writing narratives and using "beginning, middle, and end"

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on mild to moderate pre lingual HL:

(4)

1. generally have intelligible speech

2. predominant errors are the disarticulation of single consonants ; others include fricatives, affricates, blends

3. If the configuration of their hearing loss is sloping, they may miss soft high -frequency sounds or sounds of short duration

4. Some speech errors may be related to formation complexity, how visible the sounds are

(place), and developmental order

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL:

(3)

1. average intelligibility is 20%

2. issues with voice quality, and consonant, diphthong, and vowel production

3. maybe faulty suprasegmental characteristics

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL- respiration:

may only speak a few syllables on one exhalation, resulting in a breathy vocal quality; Waste a lot of air during the production of consonants

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL- resonance:

can have both hyponasality and hypernasality

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL- with resonance, they may have any of the following::

reduced intensity, excessive intensity, reduced intensity variations/stress in speech

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL- articulation:

patterns are seen more with consonants as opposed to vowels

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL- vowel difficulties:

may have vowel neutralization, diphthong and vowel confusion, and/or nasalization of vowels

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL- consonant difficulties:

voicing errors, distortions or omissions of consonants, omissions of consonants in blends,

and/or nasalization of consonants; reduced coarticulation movements

Typical Speech Characteristics Based on severe to profound pre lingual HL- suprasegmental aspects:

changes in intensity, duration, and fundamental frequency across syllables in utterances

individuals with severe to profound pre lingual HL- Individuals with this degree of prelingual hearing loss speak __________ slower due to prolongation of

phonemes and lengthy pause

1.5 to 2 times

individuals with severe to profound pre lingual HL- Individuals with this degree of prelingual hearing loss speak 1.5-2x slower due to .....

prolongation of

phonemes and lengthy pause