C.S. - Birmingham - Structural Economic Change
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30 Terms
When was industrialisation in Birmingham?
1761-1950
SE: Why is the start of industrialisation marked as 1761?
The first factory in the world was established in BH in 1761, bringing 700 employees under one roof
SE: When was Cadbury’s _ village founded?
Cadbury’s Bourneville village founded in 1879
SE: What did the Bourneville village influence?
The ‘Garden City’ movement - 1/10th of the estate designed as parks, recreation
SE: _ of employment was in _
50% of employment was in metals
SE: In _-_, the unemployment rate _
In 1948 - 1966, the unemployment rate fell below 1%
SE: What was the average income for manual workers in the UK in _
£350 a year in 1950
SE: Average house price in West Midlands was _
£1,750
SE: AO1 about patents in Brum
The majority of inventions receiving patents between the 1800s-1900s originated within 50km of the city centre
D:Population grew from _ in _, to _ in _.
15,000 in the early 1700s, to over 530,000 in 1901
D: How many people migrated from rural areas to the town in search of employment
Over 450,000
D: How many people were white in ethnic origin in _?
Over 99% were white in ethnic origin in 1950.
C: How were housing areas differentiated?
Clearly differentiated based on socioeconomic status
Poorer people nearer the inner city, close to factories
Bordesley was noted for having numerous back-to-back houses and poor drainage
C: How many men had skilled jobs?
60% of males had skilled jobs such as lathe operators
Employment dominated by males
E: How many tons/mile² of pollution were there in _?
331 tons/mile² of pollution in 1949
E: What % of Birmingham’s air pollution came from industrial sources?
60% of Birmingham’s air pollution came from industrial sources
How many factories were there in 1951?
Almost 8,000 factories
De-industrialisation
De-industrialisation
SE: What was unemployment rate in _?
In 1982, unemployment reached 19.4%
SE: Unemployment rate in 2023?
Unemployment rate of 7.2% in 2023
SE: Average income for full time workers now?
£35,989 average income
SE: How many homeless in _?
18,300 homeless in 2024
D: What percent of the population was under _, v.s. all of the UK?
40% of the population under 25 in Brum
v.s. 31% all of the UK
D: What percent of the population belongs to Black, Asian, or minority ethnic groups?
51.4% of the population belongs to Black, Asian, or minority ethnic groups
D: What 3 places are most immigrants from?
The Carribean, South Asia, the Far East
C: How many mosques were built?
200
C: What percent of the population muslim according to 2021 census?
29.9% of the population muslim according to 2021 census
E: What was Birmingham designated in 1985?
In 1985, the whole of Birmingham was designated a Smoke Control Area
Only authorised smokeless fuels were allowed
E: How did PM10 emissions change from 1990-2024?
PM10 emissions decreased by 69% from 1990-2024
