AP World - Pgs 27,28,29

separation of powers

The idea that the government should be split into three branches in order to prevent one person or group from ruling too radically

Executive

Branch designed to enforce laws

U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence

Two early American documents that exemplify or demonstrage Enlightenment ideals

Montesquieu

Came up with the idea of splitting the government to three branches

religious and political

Two types of authority that the Enlightenment figures began to question

John Locke

English philosopher that primarily contributed to the development of the three keystone Enlightenmnet ideals

Latin American, French Revolution, and American

Three examples of late 18th or early 19th century revolutions inspired by Enlightenment ideals

Proclamation of 1763

Name of the law in which King Goerge III denied British colonists the opportunity to enjoy land grants west of the Appalachian Mountains

Voltaire

Enlightenment thinker that believed religion should not be enforced by state, but rather a private, individual matter

Rousseau

Enlightenment thinker who believed governments should be formed through the pursuit of the general will in which all males are involved in and make laws

Divine Right of Kings

Political and religious doctrine giving legitimacy to the monarchy, Enlightenment wanted to get rid of it

natural rights

Idea that all humans are born with the rights to life, liberty, and property

judicial

Branch designed to interpret laws

consent of the governed

Idea that if the government is not protecting the rights of the citizens, and the citizens have the obligation to reform or remove said government

legislative

Branch designed to make laws

Seven Years War

Nmae of the conflict in whihc Great Britain, along with fighting in Europe, defeated and confiscated French colonies in Canada and India

no representation in Parliament

Reason why British colonists were so upset about taxation from 1760-1776

Spirit of Laws

Name of Montesquieu’s book

First Balkan War

Name of the conflict in 1912 in whihc Southern and Eastern Europe states essentially approved last major holdigns of the Ottoman Empire in Europe

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave rebellion against France in 1792

nationalism

Idea that boundaries should be formed based on common culture, race, language, and/or ethnicity

Simone de Bolivar

Enlightenment-inspired revolutionary leader who led Creole forces against the Spanish Empire in Venezuela, continuing south to liberate most of the pacific Coast of South America

Tanzimate Reforms

Name fo a series of reforms enacted from 1839 to 1876 in which the Ottoman Empire removed several discriminatory ethnic policies, such as the devshirme

Ottomanism

Name for the movement to form a national identity within the multiethnic Ottoman Empire

Muslims

The people upset by the Tanzimate Reforms

Philippine Revolution

Name of the struggle for Independence by the Filipino people and Spain from 1896-1898

White massacre

Even in 1804 in whihc Haitian forces pursued, tortured, and killed hundred of innocent French remaining in Haiti-regardless of their role in the revolution

Gran Colombia

Name of the new states started by Simone de Bolivar

Kingdom of Italy and German Empire

Two examples of small, common independent states unifying into a large nation in the late 19th century

Jose de San Martin

Name of the nationalist revolutionary who freed Argentina and helped liberate South America from Spanish rule

Philippine-American War

Multi-year struggle between Pilipino nationalists and American forces from 1898-1901 and again in 1913

Toussaint Louverture

Black leader that was educated in Enlightenment thought and helped lead this slave rebellion against France in 1792

French Constitution of 1791 and Declaration of the Rights of Man

Two French Revolution documents that exemplify or demonstrate Enlightenment ideals

Reign of Terror

Two-year period in whihc the French Revolution descended into tyranny and chaos once taken over by radicals

Jamaica Letter

Correspondence/document that Simone de Bolivar detailed in his Enlightenment views