res (pg. 5 and 6)

alveolar ducts

Respiratory bronchioles continue as alveolar ducts

alveolar ducts

Thin-walled, conical tubes lined by simple squamous epithelium

alveolar ducts

At the end of the duct, there are clusters of 4 or more alveoli

alveoli

Thin-walled saccular compartments

alveoli

Site where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between blood and inspired air

alveoli

Responsible for the spongy structure of the lungs

200 million

how many is the estimated number of alveoli in both human lungs?

alveoli

Septa (interalveolar septum) between adjacent alveoli contain a dense network of capillaries supported by collagenous and elastic fibers

alveolar pores

Small openings within the septa that provide communications between alveoli

pores of kohn

what is the other term for alveolar pores?

alveoli

Usually clogged with pulmonary surfactant

alveoli

Provide alternate airflow routes in obstruction

alveoli

Allow migration of alveolar macrophages

alveoli

May serve as storage for surfactant

type 1 alveolar cells, type 2 alveolar cells

what are the epithelial cells of the interalveolar septum?

type 1 alveolar cells

Occupy 95% of the total alveolar surface

type 2 alveolar cells

Commonly located near the angles between neighboring alveolar septa

type 2 alveolar cells

Occupy 5% of the total alveolar surface

type 2 alveolar cells

Synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant

type 1 pneumocytes, squamous alveolar cells

what is the other term for type 1 alveolar cells?

type 2 pneumocytes, septal cells

what is the other term for type 2 alveolar cells?

pulmonary surfactant

Complex mixture of lipids and proteins that lines the alveoli in the lungs

pulmonary surfactant

Reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse during exhalation

pulmonary surfactant

Example of this is phosphatidylglycerol (PG)

dust cells

what is the other term for alveolar macrophages?

alveolar macrophages

Most numerous cells in the alveoli

alveolar macrophages

Mononuclear phagocytes in the lungs

alveolar macrophages

Do not form part of the interalveolar septum; some are attached to the interalveolar septum but most float free in the lumen of the alveoli.

pleura

Protects the thoracic cavity

mesothelium

the inner layer of pleura is lined by?

pleural cavity

is the space between parietal and visceral pleura

pleural fluid

Can be analyzed for bacteria and other substances (e.g., proteins and glucose) to assess lung and pleural conditions

pleural fluid

Acts as protection for the thoracic cavity

pleural fluid

Provides a cushion for the lung