poultry nematodes

Nematode species

• Syngamus trachea

• Capillaria spp.

• Trichostrongylus tenuis

• Ascaridia galli

• Heterakis gallinarum

Syngamus trachea - common name

Poultry gape worm

Syngamus trachea - Worm type

Hookworm

Syngamus trachea - Adult location

Trachea

Syngamus trachea - CS

Asphyxia, cough, gasping, trachea blockage

Syngamus trachea life cycle - Egg morpholgy

80 microm, mucoid ends

Syngamus trachea life cycle - Egg size

80 microm

Syngamus trachea life cycle - What in faeces

Egg

Syngamus trachea life cycle - Where does l3 develop

Egg

Syngamus trachea life cycle - Inf route

Ing egg L3, hatched l3, l3 in paratenic host

Syngamus trachea life cycle - Paratenic host

Earthworm

Syngamus trachea life cycle - l3 Migration in animal

SI → blood → pul capillaries → lung alv → trachea

Syngamus trachea life cycle - Adult morpholgy

M+F in copula

Syngamus trachea life cycle - Ppp

18-20d

Capillaria spp - direct life cycles vs indirect

D- indoor

I - outdoor

Capillaria spp - Morphology

Thin, 1-5cm long

Capillaria spp - Adult location

Upper GIT (crop, oesophagus), SI

Capillaria spp - Egg morphology

Barrel shape, 2 mucoid plugs

Capillaria spp life cycle - where does l1 develop

Egg

Capillaria spp life cycle - Intermediate hosts

Earthworm

Capillaria spp life cycle - Indirect life cycle

Egg → l1 → earthworm → worm ing

Capillaria spp life cycle - Ppp

3-4w

Capillaria spp- pathogenesis

Head buried in mucosa → diphtheritic infl → mucosa sloughing, haemorrhage

Capillaria spp - CS

Inappetance, WL, dec egg

Trichostrongylus tenuis - location

Caeca

Trichostrongylus tenuis - Inf stage

L3

Trichostrongylus tenuis - Pathogenesis

Adults burrow in caecal mucosa → flat, bleed

Trichostrongylus tenuis - CS

Dec BCS, WL

Trichostrongylus tenuis - Life cycle

Eggs in faeces → larvae in faces → l3 ing → establish in caecum

Trichostrongylus tenuis - Main animal

Grouse

Ascarids - species

Ascaridia galli

Heterakis gallinarum

Ascaridia galli - location

SI

Ascaridia galli - Size

12cm

Heterakis gallinarum - location

Caeca

Heterakis gallinarum - Size

1.5cm

Ascarids - inf stage

Egg l2/3

Ascarids - Heterakis gallinarum vector for what

Histomonas meleagridis Protozoa

Contorl in housed birds (direct)

Biosecurity, in feed flubendazole

Control in outdoor birds (direct, indirect)

Biosecurity, in feed flubendaozle, rotate pens between batches

Protozoa - histomonas meleagridis - disease

Blackhead (sev entero hepatitis)

Protozoa - histomonas meleagridis - Morpholgy

Single flagella, amoeboid

Protozoa - histomonas meleagridis - Pathogenesis

Caecum trophozoites erode epi

Invade liver → necrosis, saucer like lesions

Protozoa - histomonas meleagridis - CS

Dep, ruffled feathers, sulfur yellow faeces, comb + wattle cyanosis

Protozoa - histomonas meleagridis - Transmission

In Heterakis gallinarum larvated eggs (from worm ing)

Protozoa - histomonas meleagridis - Control

Biosecurity

Control Heterakis inf (flubendaozole)

Protozoa - spironucleosis meleagridis - CS

Watery yellow D

Protozoa - trichomonas gallinae - CS

Oral canker, cheesy yellow material around beak