C2:Cells

Cells float in a watery medium called ________.

A.cytosol

B.cellular fluid

C.cytoplasm

D.extracellular fluid

E.None of the answers are correct.

D

Which of the following describes phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

A.The phospholipid tails are hydrophilic.

B.The phospholipid tails are hydrophobic.

C.The phospholipid heads are hydrophobic.

D.The phospholipid heads are on the inside.

E.The phospholipid tails are at the surface.

B

The general functions of the plasma membrane include ________.

A.regulation of exchange of materials with the environment

B.physical isolation of the cell contents from the surrounding extracellular fluid

C.structural support of the cell

D.sensitivity to changes in the extracellular fluid

E.All of the answers are correct.

E

Which statement describes how the plasma membrane is used in communication and sensitivity?

A.It effectively isolates the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment.

B.It serves as a storage site for large amounts of proteins for future use by the cell.

C.It serves as an impermeable membrane.

D.It acts as a site for the attachment of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which act as receptors for molecules present in the extracellular fluid.

E.It provides for specialized connections between neighboring cells, giving tissues a stable structure.

D

Because the plasma membrane restricts some substances and permits others through, it is referred to as being ________.

A.structurally rigid

B.selectively permeable

C.impermeable

D.freely permeable

E.both structurally rigid and selectively permeable

B

Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasma membrane?

A.exocytosis

B.facilitated diffusion

C.receptor-mediated endocytosis

D.active transport

E.phagocytosis

B

An active process for transporting extracellular fluid, such as water and small molecules, across a plasm membrane is ________.

A.diffusion

B.osmosis

C.pinocytosis

D.phagocytosis

E.None of the answers are correct.

C

Carbon dioxide moves through the plasma membrane through the process of ________.

A.osmosis

B.facilitated diffusion

C.diffusion

D.active transport

E.both diffusion and osmosis

C

Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP, via exchange pumps, are classified as ________.

A.facilitated diffusion

B.active transport

C.filtration

D.osmosis

E.diffusion

B

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration?

A.filtration

B.osmosis

C.active transport

D.facilitated diffusion

E.None of the answers are correct.

B

Which of the following statements accurately describes cytosol?

A.The term encompasses all material inside the cell.

B.It contains large amounts of carbohydrates.

C.It is the fluid content inside the cell.

D.It is composed of the intracellular structures known as organelles.

E.It contains much less protein than the extracellular fluid.

C

Which of the following is another name for cytosol?

gelatin

A.intracellular fluid

B.extracellular fluid

C.integral proteins

D.interstitial fluid

B

The protein-synthesizing organelles are the ________.

A.nucleus

B.Golgi apparatus

C.mitochondria

D.ribosomes

E.lysosomes

B

Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle?

A.Golgi apparatus

B.centriole

C.mitochondria

D.nucleus

E.All of the answers are correct.

B

Which of the following is a function of microtubules?

A.assist in DNA replication

B.being part of the spindle apparatus

C.control of metabolism

D.intracellular removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens

E.storage of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

B

Which of the following is a cylindrical structure composed of short microtubules?

A.nucleolus

B.DNA

C.chromatin

D.centriole

E.envelope

D

Why are microtubules considered among the non-membranous organelles?

A.They are composed primarily of the protein actin.

B.They are aggregated into bundles.

C.They do not have their own enclosed membrane.

D.They are associated with the plasma membrane.

E.They are comprised chiefly of the protein tubulin.

C

If a cell lacked centrioles, it would be unable to ________.

A.move fluids or solutes across the plasma membrane

B.move through the surrounding fluid

C.direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division

D.manufacture proteins

E.replicate its own DNA

C

Which cellular operation occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A.synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids

B.synthesis of RNA

C.regulation of protein synthesis

D.synthesis of ribosomes via nucleoli

E.DNA replication leading to cell division

C

The nucleus of a cell ________.

A.is completely enclosed with no way in or out

B.it contains large proteins that form the chromosomes and are the genetic material for the cell

C.is surrounded by a double layered membrane

D.has all of these attributes

E.contains only the DNA

D

Which of the following is a vesicle that contains enzymes?

A.ribosome

B.lysosome

C.nucleosome

D.chromosome

E.hyaluronan

B

Which of the following is a vesicle that contains enzymes?

A.ribosome

B.lysosome

C.nucleosome

D.chromosome

E.hyaluronan

A

Renewal or modification of the plasma membrane is the major function of which organelle?

A.cytoskeleton

B.peroxisomes

C.mitochondria

D.lysosomes

E.Golgi apparatus

E

Which organelle determines the structural and functional characteristics of the cell by controlling protein synthesis, determining what proteins are synthesized, and in what amounts?

A.nucleus

B.endoplasmic reticulum

C.mitochondria

D.ribosomes

E.Golgi apparatus

E

________ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

A.Cilia

B.Centrioles

C.Flagella

D.Mitochondria

E.Microvilli

E

Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the plasma membrane, while ________ are embedded within the membrane.

A.peroxisomal proteins

B.histone proteins

C.integral proteins

D.transport vesicles

E.lysosomal proteins

C

The membrane of a cell is composed of a(n) ________ bilayer.

A.steroid

B.cytoskeleton

C.glycolipid

D.phospholipid

E.endoplasmic

D

In osmosis, the substance(s) moved across a selectively permeable membrane is/are ________.

A.gases, small inorganic ions and molecules

B.fluid and cellular wastes

C.extracellular fluid and its associated solutes

D.glucose and amino acids

E.water

E

"Little organs" inside a cell that have specialized functions are called ________.

A.microfilaments

B.organelles

C.microvillus

D.intracellular fluids

E.glycocalyx

B

Dissolved ions and water-soluble compounds cannot cross the ________ portion of a plasma membrane.

A.glycocalyx

B.carbohydrate

C.integral protein

D.peripheral protein

E.lipid

E

Small, finger-shaped projections of the plasma membrane are termed ________.

A.microvilli

B.centrioles

C.cilia

D.flagella

E.thick filaments

A

A passive process that involves movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ________.

A.phagocytosis

B.diffusion

C.exocytosis

D.osmosis

E.pinocytosis

B

Microtubules, thick filaments, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are all part of the cell's ________.

A.cytoskeleton

B.plasma membrane

C.Golgi apparatus

D.centrosome

E.endoplasmic reticulum

A

A ________ moves a cell through the surrounding fluid, rather than moving the fluid past a stationary cell.

A.centriole

B.cilium

C.neurofilament

D.flagellum

E.thick filament

D

________ are organelles that contain an unusual double-layered membrane, and functions in producing most of the ATP in the body.

A.Mitochondria

B.Endoplasmic reticulum

C.Ribosomes

D.Lysosomes

E.Microvilli

A

Chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs through (the) ________.

A.perinuclear space

B.nucleosomes

C.nuclear matrix

D.histones

E.nuclear pores

E

A major function of the Golgi apparatus is ________.

A.detoxification and neutralization of cellular toxins

B.the renewal or modification of the nuclear envelope

C.the synthesis and packaging of secretions

D.degradation of bacteria and organic debris

E.packaging of lipids for use in lysosomes

C

_______ are organelles filled with digestive enzymes, which function in the intracellular removal of pathogens and damaged organelles.

A.Lysosomes

B.Centrosomes

C.Peroxisomes

D.Mitochondria

E.Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

A cell is formed that has very few ribosomes. What would be a consequence of such a mutation?

A.The cell would have a reduced capacity for protein production.

B.The cell would perform large amounts of exocytosis.

C.There would be less DNA in the cell.

D.None of the listed responses is correct.

A

Which of the following is true of both active transport and endocytosis?

A.Neither requires the input of energy.

B.Both can move materials against the concentration gradient, and both require energy.

C.Both will produce membrane-bound structures called endosomes.

D.Both move materials out of the cell from high concentration to low concentration.

B

White blood cells need to protect the body from pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria. The process by which a white blood cell engulfs a whole bacterial cell is called __________.

A.exocytosis

B.phagocytosis

C.pinocytosis

D.facilitated diffusion

B

The cells of the small intestine must absorb the majority of nutrients that we get from our food. Which of the following structures is used to facilitate this function?

A.microvilli

B.the spindle apparatus

C.cilia

D.flagella

A

What would be the consequence if a cell had NO centrioles?

A.The cell could not produce proteins.

B.The cell would divide very rapidly.

C.The cell would not be able to move its chromosomes during cell division.

D.The cell would make too many carbohydrates.

C

Which of the following are created by epithelial cells in the respiratory tract in order to move materials over the surface of the tissue by beating rhythmically?

A.cilia

B.flagella

C.microvilli

D.actin and myosin

A

Which of the following are true statements concerning microtubules?

A.They are the primary components of the cytoskeleton.

B.They form the spindle apparatus needed to move chromosomes during mitosis.

C.They are used to change a cell's shape.

D.All of the listed responses are correct.

D

Before a newly synthesized protein reaches the Golgi apparatus, it may be modified at the __________.

A.rough endoplasmic reticulum

B.mitochondria

C.smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D.centrioles

A

What do you think would be a fitting function of the cell membrane, or plasmalemma, considering that it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components and also that it surrounds the cytoplasm and inner cell structures?

A.to make carbohydrates and lipids

B.to regulate what can enter and exit the cell

C.to make energy

D.to make protein

B

How are osmosis and diffusion different from each other?

A.Osmosis deals with the movement of solutes from high concentration to low concentration, and diffusion deals with the movement of water.

B.Osmosis deals with the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

C.Osmosis deals with the movement of water from low concentration to high concentration, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes.

D.Osmosis takes place in plants, whereas diffusion occurs in animals.

B

A genetic mutation occurs in a human male, and he produces sperm cells with no microtubules. How will the loss of the microtubules affect the sperm cells?

A.There will be a loss of structure and movement.

B.The cells will not be able to produce adequate levels of protein.

C.There will be no energy production.

D.The cells will not be able to acquire food.

A

If you know that the term

lyse means "to tear or split," then you can surmise that the lysosome inside a cell would likely __________.

A.break down DNA

B.break down damaged cell structures or destroy pathogens

C.make energy

D.make new proteins

B

What substance is contained in most body cells to direct their activities?

A.blood

B.water

C.DNA

D.mitochondria

C

Which of the following is true of cell division?

A.Protein synthesis in preparation for division occurs during the S phase of interphase.

B.It requires accurate duplication (replication) of the genetic material.

C.Mitosis is the distinct process for producing gametes.

D.Each dividing somatic cell produces four daughter cells at the end of cell division.

E.Its importance diminishes after an individual grows to maturity.

B

Why is it important for a cell to be able to divide?

A.It allows the body to replace dying cells.

B.It allows the body to repair damaged tissues.

C.It allows the body to grow larger.

D.All of the listed responses are correct.

D