AP world history unit 7 test

Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated by

Gavrilo Princip igniting World War I

In the early 20th century, changes were undermining apparent world stability because of tensions between

Germany and France in Europe

In the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the

"sick man of Europe".

An example of European meddling in Ottoman Empire affairs was

the Russian interest in "protecting" the Slavs

Nationalism in Europe led Europeans to view war as

a justifiable way to avenge past injustices

The early 20th century system of alliances

pitted the British, French, and Russians against Germany, Italy, and Austro-Hungary

The plan to mobilize millions of European troops was

based on railroad timetables

Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would be

won by the fastest moving army and the boldest general

A unique aspect of the Western Front was

the three-hundred-mile-long line of armies from Switzerland to the North Sea

A new and potent defensive weapon in World War I was

the machine gun

The war at sea in the years 1914-1918 pitted

the British fleet against the German submarine

Women during World War I joined the workforce

"for the duration"

The diet of the German population was limited to

one thousand calories per day

During World War I

Africa provided over a million Africans for armed services

The country that benefited most from World War I was

the United States

During World War I, African-American in the United States migrated

north in vast numbers from the south

The Ottoman Turks signed a secret alliance with Germany

hoping to gain Russian territory

The "Brazilian Solution" refers to

the combination of dictatorship, repression, and government promotion of industrialisation

Salvador Allende sought to implement socialist reforms in what country?

Chile

The "Dirty War" was fought in

Argentina

Which United States president worked to reestablish Panamanian sovereignty in the Canal Zone?

Jimmy Carter

The "Contras" were

counterrevolutionaries financed by the Reagan administration to oppose the Sandinistas

Which events contributed to the end of the Contra-led faction in El Salvador?

All of these

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the former shah and then implemented

a parliamentary republic with strict control by religious officials

One of the reasons for the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war was

Saddam Hussein's fear that the revolutionary government of Iran would incite Iraq's Shi'ites to rebellion

Which country was engaged in an "unwinnable war" with Afghanistan in the 1980s?

The USSR

Which of the following is not one of the "Asian Tigers"?

Cambodia

The keiretsu were

an alliance of corporations and banks that ruled the Japanese economy

As a response to the protests that culminated in Tiananment Square, the Chinese government

Used force

Which is most true of the communist states by the 1980s and 1990s?

Deep divisions had appeared among communist states

Solidarity was

All of these

East Germany was united with West Germany in

1990

What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

Nationalism

The result of the hard-line Communist coup against Gorbachev was that

All of these

Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans occurred between

Christian Serbians and Muslims

In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that

population growth would outstrip food production

In 1994, genocide was perpetrated by

Rwandan Hutus against Tutsis

Twenty-eight million of the 40 million people infected with the HIV virus live in

Africa

What two factors continue to sustain China's economic growth?

High savings rates and direct foreign investment

What two nations account for approximately one-third of the world's population?

India and China

Because Japan has the oldest population of any industrial nation, it has

created technological solutions to labor shortages

Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world's population

Remains in poverty

The growing gap between rich and poor nations is exemplified by the fact that 1 billion people in the world

Live on less than a dollar a day

Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialised nations are mostly due to

an ethnically derived sense of nationality

The most influential technology of the last three decades has been

The computer

These student-led 1989 protests called for increased democratic reforms in China. Chinese military troops and tanks quickly squashed the protests.

Tiananment Square Protest

This form of government-practiced during the 20th century in such states as Chile, Spain, and Uganda-places the nation under the political leadership of a single military commander, typically a general.

Dictatorship

This event occurred in 1991 as a result of economic stagnation, defeat in Afghanistan, successful Eastern Europe revolutions, and reforms introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev.

Collapse of the Soviet Union

This 1979 revolution, led by religious figure Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, overthrew the pro-Western, oppressive government of Shah Resza. Under Khomeini, traditional Islamic law came to dominate Iran, resulting in changes such as the banning of some products and the requirement that women wear veils in public. Iran also took an antagonistic stance to the U.S. during the Iran hostage crisis.

Iranian Revolution

This Chinese leader came to power in 1976 after the death of Mao Zedong. He soon instituted a series of economic reforms known as the Four Modernizations, which encouraged industrial, agricultural, technological, and national defense.

Diang Xiaping

This term, which means "restructuring" describes the 1980s plan of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to introduce limited free enterprise into the Soviet economy.

Perestrokia

This term, which means "openess," describes the 1980s plan of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to encourage free and open discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet government.

Glastnost

This unsuccessful Czechoslovakian movement arose in the late 1960s with the aim of installing a socialist government that permitted greater personal and economic freedoms. Soviet forces crushed the uprising.

Prague Spring

This event occurred in 1989 after a period of rising protests and pro-democracy demonstrations in communist East Germany. The fall of the Berlin Wall contributed to Germany's reunification as a democratic nation in 1990 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Fall of the Berlin Wall

The phrase "iron curtain" was coined by

Churchill

The Cold War was? the state of political tension and military rivalry between

The United States and the USSR

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a military alliance consisting of the United States and Western

European Countries

The World Bank was created

To provide funds for reconstructing Europe

The Marshall Plan provided more than 20 billion dollars in economic aid to friendly

European Countries

The Success of the European Economic Community, or Common Market, is evident through increased wages, employment, and social welfare benefits for

European Society

In the Soviet Union there was a post war economic recovery followed by growing inefficiency that created shortages of

Consumer goods and food

In order to resist Soviet pressure, the Truman Doctrine offered military aid to

Greece and Turkey

The Soviet counterpart to NATO was called the

Warsaw Pact

The Korean War was limited to the Korean peninsula because the United States feared starting

World War III

Restriction on U.S military operations during the Vietnam War were designed to prevent

China from entering the war

When the United States discovered the Soviet Union had deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962, it sparked

The Cuban missile crisis

What event was the catalyst for the space race

Sputnik launch

Nations became independent at the end of the World War II primarily because of the rise of

independence movements

In 1947 India and Pakistan went to war over the northwestern state of

Kashmir

Sukarno was dictator of the Dutch East Indies, or

Indonesia

After World War II, France considered Algeria to be an actual part of

France

The first British colony in West Africa to gain independence was

Ghana

Kenya faced a difficult task in winning independence mostly because of the Influence of

coffee planters

Independence in French West Africa came slowly because of French promises of vast

improvements for Africans

South African governments used policies of racial segregation called

apartheid

Which leader of the African National Congress organised guerrilla resistance in 1960?

Mandela

The United States overthrew the Guatemalan government in 1954 because of its seizure of large agricultural estates owned by the

United Fruit Company

In 1956, 25% of Cuban national income was derived from _____ manufacture and export.

Sugar

The Cuban government was overthrown by Fidel Castro mostly because of the corruption of the

Batista regime

The Bay of Pigs invasion was a United States-sponsored attempt to overthrow

Castro

The goal of Castro and his revolution was to end American

economic imperialism

Third World nations were not aligned with any

Cold War power

In 1956, Israel, Great Britain, and France joined together to invade Egypt and seize the

Suez Canal

The Cold War isolated and excluded Japan from world political issues, helping Japan to rebuild and

develop its economic strength

Mao Zedong's 1958 Great Leap Forward was a plan designed to industrialise using small scale industries and collectivised

agriculture

The 1966 Chinese Cultural Revolution was initially intended to instill revolutionary fervour in a

new generation

Since World War II, the most important political issue in Arab countries had been the

struggle with Israel

The superpowers didn't view the struggle between Israel and the Arab States as a vital concern until the oil wealth of the

Middle East was discovered

The Egyptian-Israeli was in 1973 led directly to the

Arab Oil embargo

An example of new awareness for environmental issues in the United States was the Environmental Protection Agency in

1970

What 4 factors have contributed to the globalisation of fast food?

Later marriage ages in modern industrial societies, greater cultural promotion in various media, busy schedules meaning less family meals, increased immigration and travel

Which country has arguably the worst environmental record?

the former USSR (Soviet union)

List 4 efforts (including specific acts/laws) to preserve the environment.

Clean water act, clean air act, endangered species, promoting use of solar and wind power, manufacturing efficient cars, recycling efforts

In the early twentieth century, what changes were undermining apparent world stability?

tensions grew between Germany and France in Europe

Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would

be won by the fastest moving army and the boldest general

The war at sea in the years 1914-1918

pitted the British fleet against the German submarine

Which of the following is true of wartime food rationing?

The diet of the German population was limited to one thousand calories per day

During World War 1, Africa

provided over a million Africans for armed services

The country that benefited most from World War 1 was

the United States

The Ottoman Turks signed a secret alliance with

Germany, hoping to gain Russian territory