− Just War argument including origins and evolution of the theory to the present;

What are the early origins of the Just War Argument in the Old Testament?

Early origins are found in the Hebrew Bible, where God supports the Israelites in their military struggles for survival, but prophets like Micah and Isaiah envision a future of peace.

Who was St. Augustine and what was his contribution to Just War theory?

St. Augustine was a 4th century Christian thinker who justified war as permissible if motivated by justice rather than revenge or power. He established the conditions of legitimate authority and just cause.

What key addition to Just War theory did St. Thomas Aquinas make in the 13th century?

St. Thomas Aquinas added the condition of right intention, stating that the motive must be to advance good or avoid evil.

What refinements did 16th-17th century theologians like Suarez and Grotius introduce to Just War theory?

They added conditions such as last resort, likelihood of success, and proportionality to the Just War theory.

What challenge to the traditional Just War theory was highlighted by Catholic bishops in 1983?

The existence of nuclear weapons challenges traditional theory due to their potential to destroy all of creation.