UMaine BIO 200 Exam #1

What characteristic is found in all three domains?

autotrophy- act an organism can do to derive some or all organic carbon from inorganic sources

What traits are shared among modern land plants and charophytes?

rosed-shaped cellulose producing complex, common peroxisome enzyme, similar structure of flagella, formation of a phragmoplast, and soropollenin

What is the ecological role of prokaryotes?

play a major role in the nitrogen cycle by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that plants can use

Charophytes are closely related to

modern plants

Choanozoa are closely related to

modern animals

Three animal groups with their body symmetry

Porifera(radial), cnidaria(radial), ecdysozoa(bilateral)

What is the distinctive feature of chordrichthyans(sharks, rays, etc)?

a mostly cartilaginous endoskeleton

An evolutionary common structure in the earliest tetrapods

feet with digits

Two groups that posses a body cavity

pseudocoelomates and coelomates

Ammonification

process by which ammonium ion is related from decomposing organic compounds

Dentrifying bacteria

converts nitrates into nitrogen gas

Microbial mats

are multilayered sheets of prokaryotes including mostly bacteria but also archaea

Cynobacteria

first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere

Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic cells

eukaryotic cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus where prokaryotes don't but have free flowing organelles

Bacteria and archaea consist of

prokaryotic cells

Chemotrophs

obtain energy from chemical compounds

Soropollenin

produced by Charles which surrounds the zygote and protects it from desiccation

Key traits that separate all land plants from Charles

alternation of generations, walled spores produced in sporangia, and apical meristems

Seed-bearing plants are divided into two groups

gymnosperms and angiosperms

Gymnosperms

have "naked" seeds/ not enclosed with sporophyte tissue

Angiosperms

enclosed seeds/ 90% of all known plant species

Reduced gametophytes and dominant sporophytes

ferns, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants

Dominant gametophytes and reduced sporophytes

Moses and nonvascular plants

Similarities between fungi and animals

both are without chlorophyl, not self synthesizers, and have similar organelles

Fungi characteristics

heterotrophs(absorb nutrients), have several different types of cells, cell wall containing chitin, and heterokaryon stage

Fungi are important to an ecosystem because

they are decomposers, parasites, and mutualists

All nonvascular embryophytes are

bryophytes(do not have roots)

Tracheids

trait in land plants that allow them to grow in height

Sori

found on the underside of the fern leaves and contain sporangia

What do mosses harbor?

Cyanobacteria that fixes nitrogen

Sphagum moss

seedless plant that is a renewable source of energy

Basidiocarp

fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus

Chitin

polysaccharide usually found in the cell wall of fungi

Fungal cells do not have

chloroplasts

Septum

wall dividing individual cells in fungal filament

Which phylum has a present mantle and mantle cavity

molusca

Members of cnrondrichthyes are thought to have been descended from fishes that had a

bony skeleton

Crustaceans are

ecdysozoans

What kind of symmetry do echinoderms have?

pentaradial

Eccrine glands

produce sweat

Sebaceous glands

produce lipids

Apocrine glands

produce scent

Mammory glands

produce milk

Protist cells

thought to be the most closely related to the common ancestor

The germ layer stage

during gastrulation/ when embryonic development, unique cell layers develop and distinguish

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

part of the chordate central nervous system

Ediacaran Period

earliest period where animals may have appeared

Flies are

hexapods

Members of cnrondrichthyes differ from members of Osteichthyes by having a

cartilaginous skeleton

Group of invertebrates most closely related to invertebrates

cephalochordates

Circulatory fluid in echinoderms is

water

Deuterostome

animal whose development is marked by radial cleavage and entercoely

Mammals

have hair, mammory glands, balanced internal temp, amniotic egg

Amphibians

produce eggs in moist environments because of shells of eggs are not hard

Invertebrates have a complex

nerve system with head covered bone structure and jaw structures

plasmogamy

cytoplasm of the different mycelia cells fuse and become one giant cell: still haploid.

Karyogamy

all the individual nuclei in giant cell formed from plasmogamy fuse and become diploid, then goes through meiosis to become sporangium