Chapter one (video two)

Anatomical position

Body upright with feet slightly apart palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away; right/left are from the patient’s perspective

Axial division

Includes head neck spine and trunk; central core of body

Appendicular division

Includes limbs and limb girdles (arms legs shoulders pelvis)

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head (used mainly for axial skeleton)

Inferior (caudal)

Away from the head or below (axial skeleton)

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward the back of the body

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline

Intermediate

Between medial and lateral

Proximal

Closer to the axial skeleton (used for limbs)

Distal

Farther from the axial skeleton (used for limbs)

Superficial (external)

Toward or at the body surface

Deep (internal)

Away from the surface; more internal

Cephalic

Head region

Cervical

Neck region

Thoracic

Chest region

Abdominal

Region below thoracic and above pelvic

Pelvic

Area associated with pelvis and reproductive organs

Pubic

Genital region

Upper limb

Arm region

Manus

Hand

Lower limb

Leg region

Pedal

Foot

Frontal (forehead)

Forehead area

Orbital

Eye region

Nasal

Nose

Buccal

Cheek

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Sternal

Center of chest

Axillary

Armpit

Mammary

Breast region

Umbilical

Navel region

Inguinal

Groin where legs meet pelvis

Acromial

Point of shoulder

Brachial

Upper arm

Antecubital

Front of elbow

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Palmar

Palm of hand

Digital (hand)

Fingers

Pollex

Thumb

Coxal

Hip region

Femoral

Thigh

Patellar

Front of knee

Popliteal

Back of knee

Crural

Front of lower leg

Fibular (peroneal)

Lateral lower leg

Tarsal

Ankle

Calcaneal

Heel

Plantar

Sole of foot

Hallux

Big toe

Scapular

Shoulder blade region (back)

Vertebral

Spinal column region

Lumbar

Lower back

Sacral

Area between hips

Gluteal

Buttocks

Sagittal plane

Divides body into left and right

Midsagittal plane

Divides body into equal left and right halves

Frontal (coronal) plane

Divides body into anterior and posterior

Transverse plane

Divides body into superior and inferior

Dorsal body cavity

Includes cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Ventral body cavity

Includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Thoracic cavity

Chest cavity containing lungs and heart

Pleural cavity

Surrounds lungs

Pericardial cavity

Surrounds heart

Abdominal cavity

Contains stomach liver intestines spleen pancreas

Pelvic cavity

Contains reproductive organs and some digestive organs

Abdominopelvic cavity

Combination of abdominal and pelvic cavities

RUQ

Right upper quadrant

LUQ

Left upper quadrant

RLQ

Right lower quadrant (appendix located here)

LLQ

Left lower quadrant

Epigastric region

Upper middle region above stomach

Umbilical region

Center region around navel

Hypogastric (pubic) region

Lower middle region

Right/left hypochondriac regions

Upper lateral regions

Right/left lumbar regions

Middle lateral regions

Right/left inguinal regions

Lower lateral regions