Speed Training and Physical Development

Vocabulary flashcards detailing speed training methods, structural guidelines, reaction and displacement speed techniques, and human age-related speed evolution.

Repetition system

The primary fractional training system used to develop reaction, gestual, and displacement speed, structured around short exercise repetitions separated by complete recovery pauses.

Recovery pause

The complete rest interval of $3\text{--}4\text{ minutes}$ between repetitions in speed training that allows full recovery before the next attempt.

Repetition system intensity and duration

Guidelines specifying that speed drills must be performed at maximum intensity over short distances ($50\text{--}80\text{ meters}$) or short durations (around $10\text{ seconds}$) to avoid working anaerobic resistance.

Repetition system volume

The recommended structure for speed repetitions, consisting of $3\text{--}4\text{ repetitions}$ per series and $3\text{--}4\text{ series}$ in total.

Stimulus variation method

A reaction speed training method that involves altering the type of stimulus (visual, tactile, or auditory) or varying the required movement response.

Sensory method

A three-step reaction speed training method where an athlete timed on a short drill (such as touching a line at $3\text{ meters}$) sets a target execution time (e.g., $1.55\text{ seconds}$) and performs repetitions trying to hit that precise time.

Mental repetition technique

A strategy to improve reaction speed by memorizing and mentally practicing the required movement so the nervous system spends less time sending signals.

Opponent anticipation technique

A strategy to improve reaction speed by analyzing the positioning and gestures of opposing players to predict upcoming plays based on past experiences.

Weight manipulation method

A speed training technique involving decreasing or increasing the weight of an implement (such as a ball); reducing weight allows an increase in movement execution speed.

Hyper-speed method

A specialized training method used to enhance displacement speed by achieving movement speeds greater than normal capacity.

Speed evolution in youth

The developmental phase where speed increases along with the nervous system and musculoskeletal apparatus, reaching maximum potential between $10$ and $20\text{ years}$ of age.

Puberty speed divergence

The developmental shift where boys and girls exhibit similar speed levels until puberty, after which boys achieve higher speed values due to increased muscle mass.

Speed decline in adulthood

The natural regression of speed starting around age $20$, with a pronounced loss occurring between $30\text{--}35\text{ years}$ of age in sedentary individuals.

Safety warm-up rule

The principle stating that speed exercises or high-intensity speed sports must never be performed at maximum limits without proper prior warming up.