chem midterm 3 flashcards

alpha decay

• alpha particle released is 4 2 He

• reduces element mass by 4

• reduces element protons/atomic # by 2

beta - decay

• neutron → proton

• eject beta particle

• add 1 to atomic number

Beta + decay

• proton → neutron

• mass stays same

• atomic # decreases by 1

• releases positron and neutrino

gamma decay

• ejects photon (excess E)

• mass and atomic number doesn’t change, and element goes from excited to stable.

fission

nuclei split into two or more nuclei. nuclear bomb, power plants

fusion

two small particle combine. clean nuclear power

magnitude of bonding power

nuclear energies = millions-billions
chemical bond energies = 100s-1000s
intermolecular forces = 10s

alkane

alkene

alkyne

benzene ring

alkyl halide (F, Cl, Br, I)

amine

alcohol

ether

thiol

aldehyde

ketone

ester

carboxylic acid

amide

ozone layer decomposition

• homogenous catalyst Cl radical

• formed when UV breaks down CFCs, which are used in refridgeration and aerosal

• destroys ozone layer

• 2O3→3O2

catalyst converter

• automobile, improve air quality

• heterogenous Pt/Pd metal catalyst

• reduces N2

• oxidizes rxns

• NO + CO + CH → N2 + CO2 + H2O

haber process

• N2 → ammonia and fertilizer

• exothermic heterogenous slightly oxidized iron powder

• N2+3H2 → 2NH