3 Programmed Cell Death
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45 Terms
Programmed cell death (PCD)
regulated cellular self-destruction
Apoptosis
programmed noninflammatory cell death
Necrosis
uncontrolled inflammatory cell death
Cell shrinkage
reduction in cell size during apoptosis
Cell swelling
increase in cell size during necrosis
Inflammatory response
immune reaction caused by leaked cell contents
DNA fragmentation
cleavage of DNA during apoptosis
Apoptotic bodies
membrane-bound fragments of apoptotic cells
Caspases
proteases executing apoptosis
Initiator caspases
caspases activating executioner caspases
Executioner caspases
caspases degrading cellular components
Intrinsic pathway
mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway
Extrinsic pathway
death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
mitochondrial membrane disruption releasing cytochrome c
Cytochrome c
mitochondrial protein activating apoptosis
Apaf-1
protein forming apoptosome
Apoptosome
cytochrome c–Apaf-1 complex activating caspase-9
Caspase-9
initiator caspase of intrinsic pathway
Caspase-8
initiator caspase of extrinsic pathway
Caspase-3
major executioner caspase
Bcl-2
anti-apoptotic protein
Bax
pro-apoptotic protein
Bak
pro-apoptotic protein
Bad
pro-apoptotic protein inhibiting Bcl-2
MAC
mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel
FasL
ligand activating Fas receptor
Fas receptor
death receptor triggering extrinsic pathway
TNF
cytokine inducing apoptosis/inflammation
Death receptor
receptor initiating extrinsic apoptosis
Survival factors
signals suppressing apoptosis
p53
protein activating apoptosis after DNA damage
Mitochondrial membrane
membrane regulating cytochrome c release
Phagocytosis
engulfment of apoptotic bodies
TUNEL assay
assay detecting DNA fragmentation
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
enzyme adding dUTPs in TUNEL assay
Trypan blue
dye used in viability assays
LDH assay
assay detecting membrane damage
Calcein AM
fluorescent viability dye
Viability assay
test determining living cells
Extracellular leakage
release of toxic contents during necrosis
Membrane integrity
intactness of plasma membrane
Cytotoxic T cells
immune cells inducing apoptosis
Apaf-1 inhibition
cancer mechanism blocking apoptosis
Bcl-2 mimic proteins
proteins suppressing apoptosis
FasL blocking
cancer evasion of immune killing