Chapter 8 Sensory system

skin senses

pain, touch, pressure, temperature, proprioception

proprioception

awareness of body position

senses from head

gustation, olfaction, hearing, equilibrium, vision

esthesia

sensation

algesia

pain

geusia

gustation/ taste

osmia

olfaction

outer ear

pinna (auricle), external auditory canal, tympanic membrane

tympanic membrane

eardrum

cerumen

made by external auditory canal and protects eardrum

Middle ear

• 3 ossicles: malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

• auditory tube

auditory tube

connects middle ear with pharynx and equalizes pressure

Inner ear (labrynth)

cochlea, vestibular apparatus, vestibule, 3 semicircular canals

order in inner ear

stapes (stirrup) to oval window to cochlea to round window

cochlea

spiral organ that cells respond to sound waves traveling thru fluid in cochlea

vestibulochlear nerve

trasmits sound to brain

acous

hearing

ot/o

ear

salping/o

auditory tube

sensorineural hearing loss

damage to inner ear/ 8th cranial nerve

conductive hearing loss

blockage in sound transmission to inner ear

hordeolum

stye

schisis

split

amybolia

lazy eye

nystagmus

eye moving back and forth

otitis

inflammation of ear

otitis media

infection (fluid build up in middle ear)

myringotomy

placement of. tube in tympanic membrane to drain middle ear for otitis media

otitis externia

inflammation of external auditory canal because of swim

otosclerosis

inner ear structure deteriorates and hardens

stapdectomy

stapes removed and prosthetic

Ménière’s disease

fluid produced in inner ear caused vertigo and tinnitus

acoustic neuroma

tumor in neurilemma (myelin sheath) of 8th cranial nerve

orbit

bony socket that protects eye

palpebrae

eyelids

lacrimal

tear glands

conjunctiva

thin membrane that lines eyelids and outer eye

eye wall 3 layers

sclera, uvea, retina

sclera

white of eye, outer protective, cornea

cornea

clear anterior portion of sclera

uvea

choroid, ciliary body, iris

choroid (uvea)

nourishment of retina

ciliary body (uvea)

controls shape of lens for accommodation (round for near, other for far)

iris (uvea)

muscular ring that controls the pupil (regulates amount of light that enters the eye)

retina

visual receptor w rods (low visual acuity) and cones (high visual acuity)

constrict

bright light small pupils

dialate

dim light big pupils

refraction

bending, light rays to focus on retina

optic disk

blind spot

fovea

greatest visual acuity surrounded by macula (yellow spot)

vitreous body

jelly like that fills eyeball and maintains shape

convergence

coordinated movement of eyes so they focus on same point

nearsightedness

myopia

farsightedness

hyperopia

presbyopia

farsightedness due to aging

astigmatism

irregularity in curve of cornea or lens = blurry

conjunctivitis

inflammation of conjunctiva = pink eye

trachoma

inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva

ophthalmia neonatorum

gonorrhea causes acute conjunctivitis in newborns

retinal detatchment

retina separates from choroid layer

lasik

fix refractive errors

phacoemulsification

remove cataracts (cloudy lens)

lasar trabeculoplasty

treat glaucoma (pressure that damages optic disk)

age related muscular degeneration AMD

dry: material accumulates on retina

wet: blood vessels grow under retina

blephar/o

eyelid

palperbr/o

eyelid

dacry/o

tear

cycl/o

ciliary

ir/irit/irid

iris

ophithalm/o

eye

kerat/o

cornea

phak/c

lens

ospia/ opia

condition of vision