Microorganisms and Fungi test

What is a saprophyte?

An organism that breaks down dead matter.

What is the lytic cycle?

Viral replication where the virus uses the host cell to replicate viral genetic material until the cell bursts.

What is the lysogenic cycle?

Viral replication that involves the insertion of the viral genetic code into the host DNA.

What is fragmentation in fungi?

Asexual reproduction that involves the breaking of the hyphae.

What is chitin?

Carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi.

What is peptidoglycan?

A protein found in bacterial cell walls.

What type of organism is bacteria?

Single-celled prokaryote.

What is a virus?

Infectious, non-living agent.

What is a prion?

Misfolded infectious protein.

What is binary fission?

Asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies.

What is conjugation in prokaryotes?

Prokaryote reproduction involving the exchange of genetic material.

What type of cells are bacteria?

Unicellular.

What are hyphae?

The long chains of cells that make up the mycelium.

What is the largest of the protists?

Kelp.

Do bacteria have ribosomes?

True.

What type of cells are fungi?

Eukaryotes.

Which protist uses pseudopods to move?

Amoeba.

Why are lichens important to scientists?

They are sensitive to changes in the environment.

What does gram positive mean?

The bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan.

Can viruses have both DNA and RNA at the same time?

False.

What group of fungi do yeast belong to?

Sac Fungi.

What do dinoflagellates use to move?

Flagella.

What shape are Staphylococcus bacteria?

Sphere.

What are some examples of fungal diseases?

Athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush.

What is an example of bioremediation by fungi?

Radiotrophic fungi at Chernobyl.

Where are protists most commonly found?

Aquatic environments.

How are protists classified?

By nutrition (plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like).

What shape are Lactobacillus bacteria?

Rod.

What are prions?

Misfolded proteins.

What surrounds the genetic material of a virus?

Capsid.

Why are fungi important to the environment?

They are decomposers.

Which protist uses cilia to move?

Paramecium.

Are viruses considered living?

No, they are non-living.

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Chitin.

What is the most likely ancestor of modern plants?

Green Algae.

Why are viruses not considered to be alive?

They cannot replicate outside of a host cell, lack cellular structures, and do not maintain homeostasis.

Why is the classification of the Protist kingdom likely to change?

Protists are highly diverse and polyphyletic.

What are three ways bacteria can be helpful to humans?

Digest complex carbohydrates, used in fermented foods, and environmental engineering.

What is the difference between mutualism and parasitism?

In mutualism, both species benefit; in parasitism, one benefits at the expense of the other.

What is Mycena lazulina?

A bioluminescent mushroom.

What are the three ways scientists classify bacteria?

Cellular shape, cell wall composition, and metabolic pathways.

What is the most deadly virus?

Rabies.

What is an imperfect fungus?

A fungus that has not been observed to do sexual reproduction.