Childhood and Adolescent Mental Pathology Lecture Review

This flashcard set covers the essential vocabulary, prevalence statistics, diagnostic criteria, and pharmacological treatments for childhood and adolescent mental health disorders discussed in the lecture.

Childhood mental pathology episodes

Events that are harder on children due to a lack of coping resources and duration issues.

Kindling effects

A biological issue in childhood disorders where, if not treated early enough, it can lead to future problems and neurodegeneration.

Liver metabolism in early childhood

Metabolism is high, so doses can be the same as in adults because the liver processes them quickly.

Liver metabolism in pre-pubescence

The phase where liver metabolism slows down, requiring careful monitoring of medication dosages.

Reise Hearing

A legal proceeding in California for children over $14$ years old regarding the right to refuse medication.

Cytoprotective proteins

Proteins that drugs may protect in childhood onset disorders, which in some cases helps to facilitate neurogenesis.

Off-label usage

The practice where $80$ of current medications used for children are prescribed for conditions or ages not officially approved by the FDA.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder)

A disorder affecting $8-9$ of children, characterized by impaired frontal lobe function; $40$ of children outgrow it by adulthood.

Medication rebound

A brief period where behavior gets worse momentarily after ADHD medications have left the body.

Drug Holidays

Planned breaks from medication often used in the management of pediatric ADHD treatment adherence.

2D6 Hypometabolism

A failure to metabolize medication correctly on the first pass, resulting in increased side effects.

TADS study (2004)

A study revealing that a combination of CBT and Prozac has a $71$ effectiveness rate (effect size $0.8$) in treating adolescent depression.

Discontinuation syndrome

A set of symptoms including nausea, insomnia, and "electric shocks" resulting from the abrupt cessation of drugs like Paxil and Effexor.

Affect Storms

Intense rage attacks and $2-4$ hour long tantrums often used as a differential diagnosis for Bipolar Disorder vs ADHD.

Symbyax

A combination medication of Zyprexa and Prozac used for the treatment of Bipolar depression in children.

PANDAS

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with strep throat, leading to rapid onset of OCD symptoms and basal ganglia involvement.

Social phobia

An anxiety disorder usually beginning in the mid-teens that must occur in peer settings rather than just with adults.

Inhibited temperament

A temperament found in $10-15$ of children, characterized by anxiety and high achievement, which may be treated with SSRIs if necessary.

PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorders)

A category of disorders that includes Autism Spectrum Disorders; prevalence has shifted from $1$ in $250$ in $2005$ to $1$ in $44$ in $2022$.

AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale)

A scale parents should use to regularly check children taking neuroleptics for signs of Tardive Dyskinesia (TD).

Conduct Disorder

A disorder usually appearing as a function of other Axis I disorders, treated with SSRIs, Catapres, Risperdal, or Lithium.

Antabuse (disulfiram)

A medication for substance abuse that leads to the accumulation of acetylaldehyde when combined with alcohol, causing physical illness.

Naltrexone

An anti-alcohol and opiate blocker used to treat substance abuse and sometimes utilized in Autism treatment to reduce restlessness.