Introduction to Philosophy

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions from the introduction to philosophy, focusing on definitions relevant to human nature and philosophical concepts.

Philosophy

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.

Philosopher

A person who seeks wisdom and understanding about fundamental questions regarding life, knowledge, and existence.

Human Nature

The characteristics, including thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, that all humans share.

Metaphysics

The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of reality and existence.

Epistemology

The study of knowledge, its nature, origin, and limits.

Ethics

The philosophical study of moral values, principles, and rules.

Basic Beliefs

Thoughts that can influence many other beliefs; foundational ideas upon which various theories are built.

Competing Theories

Different ideas or theories that provide alternative explanations for the same issue.

Philosophical Problems

Questions or issues that require deep reflection and reasoning rather than empirical observation.

Scientific Theories

Explanations of natural phenomena based on systematic observation, experimentation, and evidence.

Descriptive Theories

Theories that aim to explain what human nature is based on observable facts.

Normative Theories

Theories that focus on what humans ought to be or what is ideal.

Rational Persuasion

The act of convincing others through logical reasoning and evidence.

Cognitive Citizenship

An expanded perspective that emphasizes the community and interdependent relationship of humans in the universe.

Existentialism

A philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and subjectivity.

Pragmatism

A philosophical approach that assesses the truth of beliefs by their practical consequences.