energy, work, and power

Potential Energy

Stored energy

Kinetic Energy

Moving energy

Thermal Energy

All of the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object, depends on the number of particles, larger objects have more particles yielding more kinetic energy, generated and measured by heat

Chemical Energy

Energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged, form of potential energy because it depends on the position and arrangement of the atoms in a compound, stored in the bonds of compounds

Electrical Energy

Energy of moving electrons, used in homes and can be thought of potential energy that is used when you plug-in an appliance and use it, electrons ,which are negative, and wires transfer energy to different parts inside the amplifier, does the work that causes sound, large generators turn magnets inside loops of wire of a magnet makes energy run through the wire

Sound Energy

Caused by objects vibrating waves, can be potential and kinetic, example stretch a guitar string potential guitar string transfers vibration to air particles kinetic

Light/Radiant Energy

Part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but not all aspects can be seen, can’t see radio or infrared waves, x-rays and uv rays, produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles that causes energy to be transmitted, does not need a medium, which is why it can travel through space and vacuum

Nuclear Energy

Energy held in the nucleus of an atom, can be obtained through two ways of reactions vision and fusion, comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom, either splitting or joining together, potential energy, nucleus of a large/heavy splits causing fission, atoms store a lot of potential energy because of the position of the particles in the nucleus of the atom

Solar/electromagnetic energy

Radiant energy admitted by the sun

Mechanical energy

Sum of potential energy and kinetic energy energy produced by motion

Law conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred or converted

Elastic potential energy

A rubber band stores potential energy while stretched, and when released the stored energy becomes kinetic energy, causing movement

Conversions involving electric energy

Can be easily changed into other forms of energy, used in radios, toasters, and cameras

Energy conversions in plants

Chemical energy comes from the suns energy from eating food, all consumed food, energy originates from the sun, light energies changed to chemical energy through photosynthesis, chemical energy can turn to thermal energy, chemical energy from food turns to kinetic energy, which is in everything we do

Conversions are important

Machines help harness energy and make it work for you, can use machines to change electrical energy into thermal energy

Conversions with chemical energy

How much from the food you eat, used to function, converted into kinetic energy when active, converted to thermal energy to maintain body temperature

Energy transformations occur when

Energy changes from one type/form/kind to another

Energy is lost due to

Friction and heat called waste energy

Work

Force times distance, a push or pole and movement in the same direction of the force

Power

Rate at which work is done, work over time

Energy

Ability to do work

Kinetic Theory

All matter is made of tiny particles that are in constant motion

Kinetic Theory

Changing temperature affects the speed of the particles

Kinetic theory

Total amount of kinetic energy of the colliding particles remains constant

Kinetic Energy Theory

All matter is made of tiny particles that are in constant motion.

Conduction

Transfer of heat through a solid material by direct contact of particles

Radiation

Transfer of energy through electromagnetic rays/heat rays, heat leaves a kettle through radiation, suns rays

Conductors

Materials that allow heat energy to move through them efficiently, particles are close together, metals

Insulators

Materials that don’t allow heat energy to pass through them, either keep heat in or out

Plasma state

Ionized gas, conducts electricity

Diffusion

Movement from hight to low concentration, ex. Perfume

Convection

Transfer of heat in a fluid (a gas or liquid) caused when hotter, less dense fluids sink. Moving fluids result in a transfer of heat in a cycle called a _____ current; ex.vents