Restless Leg Syndrome, Diabetes, and Neurological Disorders

A Comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering Restless Leg Syndrome, diabetic management including foot care and sick day rules, traction procedures, and various neurological and musculoskeletal conditions.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

A condition characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs at rest, which the patient reports is relieved by walking.

Peripheral Neuropathy

A condition involving numbness and tingling, often seen in Diabetic Type 2 patients due to vascular issues and inadequate blood flow to lower extremities.

Periodic Limb Movement of Sleep (PLM)

Involuntary leg or arm twitching or jerky movements that can occur every $15$ to $40$ seconds throughout the night.

Buck's Traction

A type of skin traction where weights must hang freely at all times and never be removed without a primary health care order.

The Six P's

An assessment framework consisting of pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, and pressure/poikilothermia used to evaluate circulation and sensation.

Dawn Phenomenon

A morning rise in blood sugar readings, such as reaching $250$ by $06:00$, which may require an increase in long-acting insulin.

Somogyi Effect

A rebound hyperglycemia where blood sugar levels drop in the middle of the night and rise in the morning, which may be managed by decreasing insulin.

Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Guidelines

The patient should check blood sugar to ensure it is between $100$ and $250$ before exercise and avoid working out if ketones are present in the urine.

Sick Day Rule

A management guideline for diabetics to take medications even when ill and to notify the doctor if they cannot keep food down or have a persistent fever.

Diabetic Foot Care

Includes trimming nails straight across, avoiding going barefoot, drying between toes to prevent fungus, and not wearing the same shoes two days in a row.

Fasciotomy

A surgical procedure performed to relieve the pressure associated with acute compartment syndrome.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Early Signs

Initial symptoms including anorexia and fever, which signal the presence of inflammation.

Osteoarthritis Risk Factors

Factors such as obesity, advanced age, and joint overuse from activities like sports.

Osteomyelitis

Infection and inflammation of the bone, often seen in patients with stage four foot ulcers or post-surgical complications.

Gout Medication Teaching

Instruction for patients to drink plenty of water to remove uric acid and prevent the formation of kidney stones.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Relief Measures

Complementary therapies such as massage, acupuncture, yoga, and meditation to help manage muscle discomfort.

Seizure Safety Precautions

Turning the patient on their side to protect the airway, loosening tight clothing, and ensuring they do not bang their head.

Status Epilepticus Pharmacology

The use of a benzodiazepine as the initial drug of choice, followed by phenytoin for seizure maintenance.

Meniere's Disease

A condition caused by fluid in the ear affecting cranial nerve VIII, resulting in balance issues and tinnitus.

Aphasia

A communication disorder often seen in stroke patients where they may not know what certain objects are or cannot follow instructions.

TPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

The drug of choice for an ischemic stroke, requiring careful monitoring to ensure the patient is not hypertensive.

Retinal Detachment Sign

The sensation of a curtain or veil over the field of vision, or the presence of flashing lights.

Lumbar Puncture Post-Care

Patient management after the procedure involving lying flat, monitoring for cerebral spinal fluid leaks, and performing neuro checks.

Sumatriptan Mechanism of Action

A medication for migraine headaches that constricts cerebral arteries; it is contraindicated in patients with hypertension.

Homonymous Hemianopsia

A visual field loss where the patient is taught to scan the room to compensate for the disturbance.

Metformin (Glucophage)

A diabetic medication that must be withheld before an MRI or other tests involving contrast.