chem test

Covalent Bond

2 non metals

Both atoms want electrons so they share instead of give

Ionic Bond

Metal and non metal

Positive ion losses electrons while negative ion gains electrons

Opposites attract mindset

Metallic Bond

Metal and metal

Electrons move freely

“Sea of electrons” idea

NaCl (ionic)

Sodium Chloride

KBr (ionic)

Potassium Bromide

MgO (ionic)

Magnesium Oxide

CaCl2 (ionic)

Calcium chloride

Al2O3 (ionic)

Aluminum oxide

CO (covalent)

Carbon Monoxide

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

N2O (covalent)

Dinitrite monoxide

NO2

Nitrogen Dioxide

N2O5

Dinitrogen pentoxide

PCl3

Phosphorous Trichloride

Sp3

Most comman

All single bonds

4 regions or bond cites

Primary shape is tetrahedral

Sp2

1 double bond

3 regions or bond cites

Primary shape is regional planar

Sp

2 double bonds or 1 triple bond

2 regions or bond cites

Primary shape linear

Bond Polarity

Based on difference in electronegative between 2 bonded atoms

Bond Dipoles

Partial separation of charge within a polar covalent bond based on EN differences

Electronegativity

The pull the electrons have towards the nucleus

Polar

Any lone pairs

Non polar

Symmetrical

VSEPR

Predicts the shape of molecules

Linear degree

180

Trigonal Planar

120

Tetrahedral

109.5

Fundamentals of Covalent

• Low melting point and boiling point

• Some dissolve like sugar others dont like butter

• Poor conductors of electricity

Fundamentals of ionic

• ex, salt and baking soda

• Cations and anions

• Solid at room temp

• High melting and boiling point

• Hard and brittle

• Good conductors when dissolved in water

Ionic dot diagram

Parenthesis

No lone pair

• linear 180

• Trigonal planar 120

• Tetrahedral 109.5

1 lone pairs

• blank

• Bent 120

• Trigonal pyramid

Two lone pairs

• blank

• Blank

• Bent 109.5