Radiological Anatomy of the Upper and Lower Limb Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the radiographic anatomy of the upper and lower limbs, including standard views, anatomical landmarks, and common fracture patterns as presented by Dr. Molatedi Lesiamang.

Postero-anterior (PA)

A frontal radiographic projection where the view is from the back to the front.

Antero-posterior (AP)

A frontal radiographic projection where the view is from the front to the back.

Lateral View

A radiographic projection providing a view from the side of the anatomical structure.

Oblique View

A radiographic projection taken at an angle, often used in wrist and foot series.

Scapular Y View

The standard lateral radiographic view used in a shoulder series to evaluate alignment.

Anatomical neck of humerus

The narrow area located between the humeral head and the greater/lesser tuberosities.

Surgical neck of humerus

The region of the humerus distal to the tuberosities, frequently cited in fracture descriptions.

Acromioclavicular joint

The joint formed by the junction of the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.

Coracoid process

A small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula.

Glenoid fossa

The part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.

Ossification Centers of the Pediatric Elbow

Represented by the mnemonic CRITOE: Capitellum (C), Radial head (R), Internal/medial condyle (I), Trochlea (T), Olecranon (O), and External/lateral condyle (E).

Anterior humeral line

A radiographic landmark used to detect subtle displacement of the capitellum, indicating elbow effusion or cortical irregularity.

Radiocapitellar Line

A line that must intersect the capitellum; if it does not, it indicates a radial head dislocation.

Supracondylar fracture

The most common fracture in children, occurring at the distal humerus, often requiring vigilant inspection of subtle imaging findings.

Gilula's line

Calculated arcs used to assess the normal alignment and parallelism of the carpal bones in the wrist.

Spilled tea cup sign

A radiographic sign on a lateral wrist image that signifies abnormal alignment characteristic of a lunate dislocation.

Scaphoid

A carpal bone frequently fractured during a fall on an outstretched hand; its fractures are associated with specific complications.

Shenton line

One of the standard pelvic lines/arcs used to evaluate the alignment of the femur and the acetabulum.

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) Avulsion fracture

An injury occurring from forceful muscular contraction at the attachment site for the sartorius and tensor fascia latae muscles.

Sartorius muscle

One of the muscles that attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

Segond fracture

An avulsion fracture of the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau, associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in approximately $75\%$ of cases.

Fabella

A small sesamoid bone located in the posterior aspect of the knee, visible on lateral radiographic views.

Mortise View

A specific radiographic view of the ankle series used to view the talocrural joint space without bony overlap.

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

The fibrous joint between the distal tibia and fibula, visible on standard ankle radiographs.

Cuneiform bones

Three bones in the foot identified as the first (medial), second (intermediate), and third (lateral) cuneiforms.

Sesamoid bones of the foot

Small bones located near the head of the first metatarsal, identified as medial and lateral sesamoids.