NEU 365W Exam 3

From least to most THC

marijuana, sinsemilla, hashish, hash oil

What increased over time while other decreased?

THC percentage/potency increased, cannabidiol (CBD) decreased as CBD is psychotropically inactive

Gateway Hypothesis

marijuana and alcohol can lead to using more serious drugs, against changing schedule

Low vs high doses

relaxation vs excitation

Route of administration and differences

smoked and IV similar, short and immediate while oral is slower but longer

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) vs THC

SCBs are direct agonists to cannabinoid receptors while THC are partial agonists

CB1 vs CB2

CB1 most abundant GPCR

CB1 mechanism

CB1 inhibits glutamate and inhibits GABA

CB1 acts on the pre or post synaptic terminal

pre

Glutamate mechanism

activates postsynaptic mGluR, stimulates 2-AG production via PLC-B and DGL, activates presynaptic CB1 receptors, decreases glutamate release, 2-AG action terminated by MGL/MAGL which converts 2-AG to arachidonic acid

Cannabis use decreases what

grey matter

GAT211 is a

positive allosteric modulator

AM251

CB1 receptor inverse agonist

AM374

FAAH enzyme blocker, elevated anandamide levels

AM404

anandamide tranport inhibitor

AM630

CB2 receptor inverse antagonist

CP55,940

high efficacy agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, more potent than THC

GAT211

CB1 receptor positive allosteric modulator

HU-210

CB1 receptor agonist (very potent)

Nabilone

THC partial CB1 receptor agonist

Spice/K2

synthetic high efficacy CB1 receptor agonist

SR141716A (Rimonabat)

inverse agonist at CB1, withdrawn due to suicide ideation side effects

WIN55,212-2

CB1 receptor high efficacy agonist

Opium

natural form

Opiate

derived from opium, morphine an example, NOT fentanyl, if not found in poppy, not an opiate

Opioid

all substances, overarching term

All receptors play a role in what but not what

analgesia not reward

most to least important receptors

mu, delta, kappa

Increasing Ca entry and K efflux

decreased likelihood of releasing neurotransmitter

Preferential form monomer vs dimer

monomer

Opioid is trying to activate or inhibit cAMP

inhibit cAMP

B-endorphins act on

MOR

Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin act on

DOR mostly, sometimes MOR

Dynorphin A, B, and neoendorphin act on

KOR