Pharm exam 4: Anti-Emetics

Ondansetron uses:

Chemo-induced N/V

Post operative N/V

Ondansetron administration timing?

1 hr before!

Ondansetron adverse:

QT Prolongation —> CARDIAC RISK

Diarrhea, Dizziness + headache

What is Phenothiazine?

Dopamine Antagonist

What is Promethazine?

Dopamine Antagonist

What is Prochlorperazine

Dopamine Antagonist

What are Dopamine Antagonists used for?

Post-operative N/V

Hiccups

Dopamine Antagonist Adverse:

EPS, Anti-ACh effects, CNS sedation

Promethazine specific ADVERSE

Skin Necrosis + Injury (from extravasation)

Respiratory depression (do not mix B&Z’s)

What is Metoclorpramide

Prokinetic agent

What is the use of Metoclopramide?

Diabetic Gastroparesis (Supresses Gastroesophageal reflux)

Hiccups

Adverse of Metoclopramide

EPS(also a dopamine antagonist similar to promethazine)

What is Dronabinol used for

Chemo-induced N/V

Appetite stimulant(cannabis)

Dronabinol adverse:

Sedation

Tachycardia

SUD?

Mental dysphoria/changes

What is Scopolamine

Anticholinergic patch for motion sickness

Also used Post-op + Pre-op(salivation decrease)

Scopolamine adverse:

Anti-ACh effects (DO NOT USE IN GLAUCOMA AND BPH)

What is important about Scopolamine patches?

Must remove before MRI(it contains metal)

4hr use minimum before travel

change every 3 days

What is Meclizine

Antihistamine

What is Hydroxyzine

Antihistamine

What is dimenhydrinate?

antihistamine

What are these antihistamines for?

Treats motion sickness, vertigo, N/V

Antihistamine Adverse:

Sedation, Anti-ACh

What is ginger used for?

N/V general use (chemo, morning sickness, motion sickness)

Ginger Adverse?

Anorexia, Nausea, vomiting and skin reactions

May increase absorption of some oral meds

^Bleed risk